Robertson G L, Lebowitz M D, O'Rourke M K, Gordon S, Moschandreas D
Human Exposure Research Branch, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Las Vegas, Nevada 89193, USA.
J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol. 1999 Sep-Oct;9(5):427-34. doi: 10.1038/sj.jea.7500053.
The objective of the National Human Exposure Assessment Survey (NHEXAS) in Arizona is to determine the multimedia distribution of total human exposure to environmental pollutants in the classes of metals, pesticides, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) for the population of Arizona. This was accomplished by studying a probability-based sample of the total population in Arizona with a nested design for the different stages of sampling (954 Stage I, 505 Stage II, and 179 Stage III participants). This report compares the study population demographics with those from the U.S. Census and provides preliminary data on the distributions of the example pollutant for each class, lead for metals, chlorpyrifos for pesticides, and benzene for metals. The probability-based sample age and gender demographics compare reasonably well with the Census data (1990 Census and 1996 Census Estimate). The race/ethnicity compared less well with 21% Hispanics in the 1996 Census Estimate and 42% Hispanics in the entire NHEXAS-Arizona sample and 30% Hispanics as Stage III participants for this study. The chemical analyses of the various media (yard soil, foundation soil, house dust, indoor air, outdoor air, drinking water, food, and beverage) show generally low levels of the representative pollutants. The 50th percentiles of the distributions are generally near or below the analytical detection limits, and applicable Federal action limits were rarely exceeded.
亚利桑那州的全国人类暴露评估调查（NHEXAS）的目标是确定亚利桑那州人口对金属、农药和挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）类环境污染物的总人类暴露的多媒体分布情况。这是通过对亚利桑那州总人口进行基于概率的抽样研究来实现的，抽样的不同阶段采用嵌套设计（954名第一阶段参与者、505名第二阶段参与者和179名第三阶段参与者）。本报告将研究人群的人口统计学特征与美国人口普查数据进行了比较，并提供了各类示例污染物分布的初步数据，金属类为铅、农药类为毒死蜱、金属类为苯。基于概率的样本年龄和性别人口统计学特征与人口普查数据（1990年人口普查和1996年人口普查估计数）比较吻合。种族/族裔方面的比较结果不太理想，1996年人口普查估计数中有21%为西班牙裔，整个亚利桑那州NHEXAS样本中有42%为西班牙裔，本研究的第三阶段参与者中有30%为西班牙裔。对各种介质（庭院土壤、地基土壤、室内灰尘、室内空气、室外空气、饮用水、食物和饮料）的化学分析表明，代表性污染物的含量普遍较低。分布的第50百分位数通常接近或低于分析检测限，很少超过适用的联邦行动限值。
