Mayer E A
Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California Los Angeles School of Medicine, USA.
Am J Med. 1999 Nov 8;107(5A):12S-19S. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9343(99)00277-6.
In response to perceived or experienced change that is considered threatening to the individual, the central nervous system mounts a stereotypic response that decreases the sensitivity to pain, modulates the autonomic nervous system outflow, and activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. This response of the "emotional motor system" may or may not be associated with the conscious experience of feelings of fear or anxiety. Alterations in these response systems (either up- or downregulation) may produce symptoms, such as viscero-somatic hypersensitivity, altered bowel habits, or increased anxiety.
针对被认为对个体构成威胁的感知到的或经历过的变化，中枢神经系统会产生一种刻板反应，这种反应会降低对疼痛的敏感性，调节自主神经系统的输出，并激活下丘脑 - 垂体 - 肾上腺（HPA）轴。这种“情绪运动系统”的反应可能与恐惧或焦虑情绪的有意识体验有关，也可能无关。这些反应系统的改变（上调或下调）可能会产生诸如内脏 - 躯体超敏反应、肠道习惯改变或焦虑增加等症状。
