de Roos B, Sawyer J K, Katan M B, Rudel L L
Division of Human Nutrition & Epidemiology, Wageningen Agricultural University, The Netherlands.
Proc Nutr Soc. 1999 Aug;58(3):551-7. doi: 10.1017/s0029665199000725.
Cafestol and kahweol, coffee lipids present in unfiltered coffee brews, potently increase LDL-cholesterol concentration in human subjects. We searched for an animal species in which cafestol similarly increases LDL-cholesterol. Such an animal model could be used subsequently as a model to study the mechanism of action of cafestol and kahweol. Cafestol and kahweol increased serum lipids in African green monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops), cebus (Cebus apella) and rhesus (Macaca mulatta) monkeys, hamsters, rats and gerbils differently from the increase in human subjects. In African green monkeys, the rise in total cholesterol was less pronounced than that in human subjects. In addition, the increase in total cholesterol was predominantly due to a rise in HDL-cholesterol rather than LDL-cholesterol. Thus, the rise in plasma lipids might illustrate the mechanism in these monkeys rather than the mechanism in human subjects. In other animal species, cafestol and kahweol did not raise cholesterol consistently. The variability in effects on serum lipids could not be explained by the mode of administration or dose of diterpenes, nor by the amount of cholesterol in the diet. In conclusion, we did not find an animal model in which cafestol and kahweol elevate plasma lipoproteins to the same extent as in human subjects. For the time being, therefore, studies on the mechanism of action should be done preferably in human subjects.
咖啡醇和咖啡豆醇是未经过滤的咖啡冲泡液中所含的咖啡脂质，能显著提高人体受试者的低密度脂蛋白胆固醇浓度。我们寻找了一种动物物种，在该物种中咖啡醇同样能提高低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平。这样的动物模型随后可用于研究咖啡醇和咖啡豆醇的作用机制。咖啡醇和咖啡豆醇对非洲绿猴（埃塞俄比亚猕猴）、卷尾猴（褐卷尾猴）、恒河猴（猕猴）、仓鼠、大鼠和沙鼠的血脂升高作用与对人体受试者的升高作用有所不同。在非洲绿猴中，总胆固醇的升高不如在人体受试者中明显。此外，总胆固醇的升高主要是由于高密度脂蛋白胆固醇的升高而非低密度脂蛋白胆固醇的升高。因此，血浆脂质的升高可能说明了这些猴子的机制而非人体受试者的机制。在其他动物物种中，咖啡醇和咖啡豆醇并不能持续升高胆固醇。对血脂影响的变异性无法用二萜类化合物的给药方式或剂量，也无法用饮食中的胆固醇含量来解释。总之，我们没有找到一种动物模型，在该模型中咖啡醇和咖啡豆醇能像在人体受试者中那样同等程度地升高血浆脂蛋白。因此，目前关于作用机制的研究最好在人体受试者中进行。
