Gudding R, Lillehaug A, Evensen O
National Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway.
Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 1999 Dec 15;72(1-2):203-12. doi: 10.1016/s0165-2427(99)00133-6.
During the last 10 to 20 years vaccination has become established as an important method for prevention of infectious diseases in farmed fish, mainly salmonid species. So far, most commercial vaccines have been inactivated vaccines administered by injection or immersion. Bacterial infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria such as Vibrio sp., Aeromonas sp., and Yersinia sp. have been effectively controlled by vaccination. With furunculosis, the success is attributed to the use of injectable vaccines containing adjuvants. Vaccines against virus infections, including infectious pancreatic necrosis, have also been used in commercial fish farming. Vaccines against several other bacterial and viral infections have been studied and found to be technically feasible. Pasteurellosis, streptococcosis (lactococcosis) and infections with iridoviruses are candidate diseases for control by immunoprophylaxis in the near future. The overall positive effect of vaccination in farmed fish is reduced mortality. However, for the future of the fish farming industry it is also important that vaccination contributes to a sustainable biological production with negligible consumption of antibiotics. A potential side-effect associated with injectable vaccines is local reactions in the peritoneal cavity. The paper presents recent developments in immunoprophylaxis of fish and some problems that should be addressed by the research community in the years to come.
在过去的10到20年里，疫苗接种已成为养殖鱼类（主要是鲑科鱼类）预防传染病的重要方法。到目前为止，大多数商业疫苗都是通过注射或浸泡方式接种的灭活疫苗。由革兰氏阴性菌如弧菌属、气单胞菌属和耶尔森菌属引起的细菌感染，通过疫苗接种已得到有效控制。对于疖疮病，其成功归因于使用了含有佐剂的注射用疫苗。针对包括传染性胰脏坏死病在内的病毒感染的疫苗，也已用于商业养鱼业。针对其他几种细菌和病毒感染的疫苗已进行了研究，并发现技术上是可行的。巴氏杆菌病、链球菌病（乳球菌病）和虹彩病毒感染是在不久的将来通过免疫预防进行控制的候选疾病。疫苗接种对养殖鱼类的总体积极作用是降低死亡率。然而，对于养鱼业的未来而言，疫苗接种有助于实现可持续生物生产且抗生素消耗量可忽略不计也很重要。与注射用疫苗相关的一个潜在副作用是腹腔局部反应。本文介绍了鱼类免疫预防的最新进展以及未来几年研究界应解决的一些问题。
