Janousek A T, Jones D G, Clatworthy M, Higgins L D, Fu F H
Center for Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pennsylvania, USA.
Sports Med. 1999 Dec;28(6):429-41. doi: 10.2165/00007256-199928060-00005.
Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injuries have a reported incidence of between 3 and 37%, depending on the clinical setting. The most common mechanism of injury in motor vehicle accidents is a dashboard injury or direct force to the proximal anterior tibia. Sports related injuries result from hyperflexion of the knee with the foot typically plantarflexed. The latter mechanism is the most common cause of isolated PCL injuries, while in the trauma population as many as 95% of patients with knee injuries have combined ligamentous damage. Improved knowledge at an anatomical, biomechanical and clinical level has provided the orthopaedist with a more defined treatment algorithm. Isolated, partial PCL injuries (grades I and II) can best be treated nonoperatively while complete injuries (grade III) may require operative treatment based on clinical symptoms. All combined ligamentous injuries usually respond best with surgical management.
后交叉韧带（PCL）损伤的报告发生率在3%至37%之间，具体取决于临床情况。在机动车事故中，最常见的损伤机制是仪表盘损伤或胫骨近端前方受到直接外力。与运动相关的损伤是由于膝关节过度屈曲且足部通常处于跖屈状态所致。后一种机制是孤立性PCL损伤的最常见原因，而在创伤人群中，多达95%的膝关节损伤患者存在联合韧带损伤。在解剖学、生物力学和临床层面知识的不断完善，为骨科医生提供了更明确的治疗方案。孤立性、部分PCL损伤（I级和II级）最好采用非手术治疗，而完全损伤（III级）可能需要根据临床症状进行手术治疗。所有联合韧带损伤通常采用手术治疗效果最佳。
