Eelco Wallaart T, Pras N, Quax W J
Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, University Centre for Pharmacy, Groningen Institute for Drug Studies, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
Planta Med. 1999 Dec;65(8):723-8. doi: 10.1055/s-1999-14094.
Using colchicine we induced tetraploidy in Artemisia annua L. plants. During a vegetation period we monitored the time course of the levels of artemisinin, its direct precursors, the biosynthetically related sesquiterpenes and the essential oil content in the diploid (wild-type) and tetraploid A. annua plants. The averaged artemisinin level in tetraploids was 38% higher than that of the wild-type as measured over the whole vegetation period. In contrast, the averaged essential oil content of the tetraploids over this period was 32% lower. This might suggest a reciprocal correlation between artemisinin (sesquiterpenes) and the essential oil content (monoterpenes). The averaged biomass of the leaves of the tetraploid plants was lower compared to the wild-type plants. Therefore, the artemisinin yield per m2 tetraploids was decreased by 25%. Although the tetraploid plants were smaller than the wild-type plants, certain individual organs like the leaves were considerably larger, and seeds obtained by cross pollination between tetraploid A. annua plants had a spectacular size. In principle, tetraploid A. annua can be a useful starting material for a breeding program in order to obtain larger and faster growing plants, which produce higher levels of artemisinin.
我们使用秋水仙碱诱导黄花蒿植株产生四倍体。在一个生长季中，我们监测了二倍体（野生型）和四倍体黄花蒿植株中青蒿素及其直接前体、生物合成相关倍半萜以及精油含量随时间的变化过程。在整个生长季中测量，四倍体中青蒿素的平均含量比野生型高38%。相比之下，四倍体在此期间的平均精油含量低32%。这可能表明青蒿素（倍半萜）与精油含量（单萜）之间存在相互关联。四倍体植株叶片的平均生物量低于野生型植株。因此，四倍体每平方米的青蒿素产量降低了25%。虽然四倍体植株比野生型植株小，但某些个别器官如叶片要大得多，并且四倍体黄花蒿植株之间异花授粉获得的种子有惊人的大小。原则上，四倍体黄花蒿可以作为育种计划的有用起始材料，以获得更大、生长更快且能产生更高水平青蒿素的植株。
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