Hannan M M, Azadian B S, Gazzard B G, Hawkins D A, Hoffman P N
Medical Microbiology Department, Department of HIV/GUM, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Rd, SW10 9NH, UK.
J Hosp Infect. 2000 Jan;44(1):5-11. doi: 10.1053/jhin.1999.0651.
Tuberculosis infection control in hospitals has received renewed interest after decades of low prominence following the occurrence of multiply drug-resistant strains in populations of patients with immune systems affected by HIV. This paper examines the history of tuberculosis infection control in hospitals and how recent outbreaks have influenced contemporary measures. The principal infection control measure must always be early recognition and isolation of patients in HIV-care situations who may be dispersing Mycobacterium tuberculosis, in both ward and outpatient areas. If there is either a high degree of suspicion or proven TB, patients should be housed in negative pressure isolation rooms whilst undergoing treatment and investigation. Procedures which may generate infectious aerosols should be carried out in similarly ventilated rooms. The quality assurance in such infection control is through the administrative systems put in place, staff training and the engineering controls of isolation room ventilation.
在免疫系统受艾滋病毒影响的患者群体中出现多重耐药菌株后，医院结核病感染控制在历经数十年受关注程度较低的情况后，重新受到了关注。本文审视了医院结核病感染控制的历史以及近期的疫情暴发如何影响当代的防控措施。主要的感染控制措施必须始终是在病房和门诊区域尽早识别并隔离那些可能传播结核分枝杆菌的接受艾滋病毒治疗的患者。如果高度怀疑或确诊为结核病，患者在接受治疗和检查期间应安置在负压隔离病房。可能产生感染性气溶胶的操作应在通风条件类似的房间内进行。此类感染控制的质量保证通过建立的管理系统、员工培训以及隔离病房通风的工程控制来实现。
