Buhrmann R R, Quigley H A, Barron Y, West S K, Oliva M S, Mmbaga B B
Dana Center for Preventive Ophthalmology and the Glaucoma Service, Wilmer Ophthalmologic Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2000 Jan;41(1):40-8.
To determine the prevalence of glaucoma in an adult population in rural central Tanzania.
Six villages were randomly selected from eligible villages in the Kongwa district, and all residents more than 40 years of age were enumerated and invited to a comprehensive eye examination including presenting visual acuity, refraction, automated 40-point Dicon (San Diego, CA) suprathreshold screening field test, Tono-Pen (Bio-Rad, Inc., Boston, MA) intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement, and standardized examination by an ophthalmologist of anterior segment, optic nerve head, and retina after pupil dilation. Gonioscopy and Glaucoma-Scope (Ophthalmic Imaging Systems, Sacramento, CA) optic disc imaging were performed on those with IOP higher than 23 mm Hg and cup-to-disc ratio (c/d) more than 0.6 and on a 20% random sample of participants.
Of 3641 eligible persons, 3268 (90%) underwent ophthalmic examination. The prevalence of glaucoma of all types was 4.16% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.5, 4.9%). Primary open-angle glaucoma (OAG) was diagnosed in 3.1% (95% CI = 2.5, 3.8%), primary angle-closure glaucoma (ACG) in 0.59% (95% CI = 0.35, 0.91%), and other forms of glaucoma in 0.49%. The prevalence of glaucoma was found to be sensitive to changes in the diagnostic criteria.
The high prevalence of OAG in this group was similar to that of African-derived persons in the United States but less than in African-Caribbean populations. ACG was more prevalent in east Africans than suggested by anecdotal reports.
确定坦桑尼亚中部农村成年人群中青光眼的患病率。
从孔瓜区符合条件的村庄中随机选取6个村庄，对所有40岁以上居民进行登记，并邀请他们接受全面的眼科检查，包括视力、验光、自动40点Dicon（加利福尼亚州圣地亚哥）超阈值筛查视野测试、Tono-Pen（马萨诸塞州波士顿Bio-Rad公司）眼压（IOP）测量，以及瞳孔散大后由眼科医生进行的前段、视神经乳头和视网膜标准化检查。对眼压高于23 mmHg且杯盘比（c/d）大于0.6的人群以及20%的随机参与者样本进行房角镜检查和使用青光眼镜（加利福尼亚州萨克拉门托眼科成像系统公司）进行视盘成像。
在3641名符合条件的人中，3268人（90%）接受了眼科检查。所有类型青光眼的患病率为4.16%（95%置信区间[CI]=3.5，4.9%）。原发性开角型青光眼（OAG）的诊断率为3.1%（95%CI=2.5，3.8%），原发性闭角型青光眼（ACG）为0.59%（95%CI=0.35，0.91%），其他形式的青光眼为0.49%。发现青光眼的患病率对诊断标准的变化敏感。
该组中OAG的高患病率与美国非洲裔人群相似，但低于非洲加勒比人群。ACG在东非人中比传闻报道的更为普遍。
