Tielemans E, Louwerse E, de Cock J, Brouwer D, Zielhuis G, Heederik D
Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1999 Nov-Dec;60(6):789-93. doi: 10.1080/00028899908984503.
As part of a European Concerted Action on Male Reproduction Capability an exposure assessment survey was conducted among seasonal workers in the fruit growing sector in the Netherlands. Dermal exposure to the fungicides captan and tolylfluanid was measured using cotton gloves (12 persons) and skin pads on several body parts (12 persons). In addition, a set of exposure data was used from a study conducted recently among Dutch fruit growers. For harvesting activities, re-entry time appeared to be an important determinant of dermal exposure to captan and tolyfluanid. Explained variance of regression models was moderate to high (range 0.30-0.87). For captan, calculated half-life times from the most recent exposure survey were lower (glove data: 5 days; pad data: 6 days) compared with half-life times based on the previously conducted study (11 days). Possible explanations for the discrepancy are discussed. For tolylfluanid, estimated half-life times during harvesting were 2 and 3 days, based on pad and glove data, respectively. Prediction of captan exposure during other crop activities appeared to be far more difficult (explained variance equal to 0.06), although the estimated half-life time was comparable with that for harvesting. The data suggest that re-entry time gives useful information to group workers in broad exposure categories. Nonetheless, it was concluded that large studies are needed to evaluate the importance of re-entry time in more detail.
作为欧洲男性生殖能力协同行动的一部分，在荷兰水果种植行业的季节性工人中开展了一项暴露评估调查。使用棉手套（12人）和在身体多个部位放置皮肤垫（12人）来测量皮肤对杀菌剂克菌丹和甲苯氟磺胺的暴露情况。此外，还采用了最近在荷兰果农中开展的一项研究中的一组暴露数据。对于采摘活动，再次进入时间似乎是皮肤暴露于克菌丹和甲苯氟磺胺的一个重要决定因素。回归模型的解释方差为中度到高度（范围为0.30 - 0.87）。对于克菌丹，根据最近的暴露调查计算出的半衰期比基于先前研究的半衰期（11天）要短（手套数据：5天；皮肤垫数据：6天）。文中讨论了这种差异的可能解释。对于甲苯氟磺胺，根据皮肤垫和手套数据，收获期间的估计半衰期分别为2天和3天。对于其他作物活动期间克菌丹暴露的预测似乎要困难得多（解释方差等于0.06），尽管估计的半衰期与收获时相当。数据表明，再次进入时间为将工人归入大致暴露类别提供了有用信息。尽管如此，得出的结论是，需要开展大型研究来更详细地评估再次进入时间的重要性。
