Institute of Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Kosice, Slovak Republic.
Genet Mol Biol. 2011 Jan;34(1):110-5. doi: 10.1590/S1415-47572010005000097. Epub 2011 Mar 1.
The potential for genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of tolylfluanid-based fungicide (50% active agent) was evaluated using sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and proliferation indices (PI) in cultured bovine peripheral lymphocytes. For the detection of possible genetic damage, DNA fragmentation assay was also applied. Bovine lymphocytes cultured for 72 h were treated with the fungicide at the final concentrations of 1.75, 3.5, 8.75, and 17.5 μg/mL for the last 24 and 48 h of culture without S9 metabolic activation, and during the last 2 h of culture with S9 metabolic activation. In the SCE assays no evidence for genotoxic activity of the fungicide was found in treatments of 24 h without and 2 h with S9. After the 24 h exposure to tolylfluanid, a weak decrease in the PI was observed. With the prolonged exposure time (48 h), dose dependence in the increase of SCE frequencies was observed. Moreover, after 48 h exposure slight fragmentation of DNA at the concentrations of 3.5 and 8.75 μg/mL was demonstrated. SCE quantification is the most widely used approach for the assessment of genotoxic/cytogenetic effects of chemical compounds. Positive results in the assay at 48 h exposure indicated a potential of the fungicide to increase frequency of chromosomal damage (replication injuries) that is the confirmation of early effect of exposure.
采用姐妹染色单体交换（SCE）和增殖指数（PI）检测了基于甲苯氟磺胺的杀菌剂（有效成分 50%）对牛外周血淋巴细胞的潜在遗传毒性和细胞毒性。为了检测可能的遗传损伤，还应用了 DNA 片段化检测。在不含 S9 代谢活化的情况下，将培养 72 小时的牛淋巴细胞用终浓度为 1.75、3.5、8.75 和 17.5μg/ml 的杀菌剂处理 24 和 48 小时，然后在 S9 代谢活化的最后 2 小时进行培养。在 SCE 检测中，未发现杀菌剂在 24 小时无 S9 和 2 小时有 S9 处理时有遗传毒性。在用甲苯氟磺胺处理 24 小时后，观察到 PI 略有下降。随着暴露时间的延长（48 小时），SCE 频率的增加呈现出剂量依赖性。此外，在 3.5 和 8.75μg/ml 的浓度下，在 48 小时暴露后，DNA 出现轻微片段化。SCE 定量是评估化学化合物遗传毒性/细胞遗传学效应最广泛使用的方法。在 48 小时暴露的试验中出现阳性结果表明，杀菌剂有可能增加染色体损伤（复制损伤）的频率，这证实了暴露的早期效应。
