Patel D R, Greydanus D E, Rowlett J D
Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine and Kalamazoo Center for Medical Studies, MI 49008-1284, USA.
Adolesc Med. 2000 Feb;11(1):127-39.
Nearly three-fourths of deaths among American adolescents and young adults result from only four causes: motor vehicle accidents, other unintentional injuries, homicide, and suicide. Thirty percent of those deaths result from motor vehicle accidents, the number one cause of death among adolescents. A number of factors that influence the morbidity and mortality are associated with driving. Compared to other countries, it is easier for American adolescent to obtain a relatively inexpensive license and gain access to a car. For the young driver, adolescent development and increased risk taking, inexperience, dangerous driving behavior, and alcohol-related factors are of special significance. In this article, we review recent crash statistics as well as effectiveness of various preventive measures, including driver education, graduated licensing, alcohol-related measures, and vehicle-related factors. Graduated licensing and alcohol-related measures have been the most effective measures so far.
在美国青少年和青年成年人中，近四分之三的死亡仅由四种原因导致：机动车事故、其他意外伤害、凶杀和自杀。其中30%的死亡是由机动车事故造成的，这是青少年死亡的首要原因。一些影响发病率和死亡率的因素与驾驶有关。与其他国家相比，美国青少年更容易获得相对便宜的驾照并拥有一辆汽车。对于年轻驾驶员来说，青少年的发育、冒险行为增加、缺乏经验、危险驾驶行为以及与酒精相关的因素具有特殊意义。在本文中，我们回顾了近期的撞车统计数据以及各种预防措施的有效性，包括驾驶员教育、分级驾照制度、与酒精相关的措施以及与车辆相关的因素。分级驾照制度和与酒精相关的措施是迄今为止最有效的措施。
