Gostelow L
SCF, UK.
Disasters. 1999 Dec;23(4):316-25. doi: 10.1111/1467-7717.00121.
In 1996, in recognition of concerns about humanitarian response efforts, non-governmental organisations (NGOs) launched the Sphere Project, the first collaborative initiative to produce globally applicable minimum standards for humanitarian response. The aims of the Sphere Project are to improve the effectiveness of humanitarian efforts and to enhance the accountability of the humanitarian system, primarily to those people who have a right to protection and assistance in disasters, as well as to agency members and donors. This paper discusses the purpose of the Sphere Project, the unique process that brought it about and the major concerns that have been raised about its practical application. Finally, the paper considers the implications of this for improving the impact of humanitarian response and for future initiatives given the process that Sphere has begun. It argues that improved accountability does not start and stop with NGOs. They are just one element of a wider humanitarian response effort and more needs to be done to improve the system as a whole.
1996年，鉴于对人道主义救援工作的担忧，非政府组织发起了“斯phere项目”，这是首个旨在制定全球适用的人道主义救援最低标准的合作倡议。“斯phere项目”的目标是提高人道主义救援工作的有效性，并增强人道主义系统的问责制，主要针对那些在灾难中有权获得保护和援助的人，以及机构成员和捐助者。本文讨论了“斯phere项目”的目的、促成该项目的独特过程以及对其实际应用提出的主要担忧。最后，鉴于“斯phere项目”已经启动的进程，本文考虑了这对提高人道主义救援影响以及对未来倡议的意义。文章认为，加强问责制并非仅由非政府组织发起和完成。它们只是更广泛的人道主义救援努力的一个组成部分，需要做更多工作来改善整个系统。
