Vickers A J
Int J Technol Assess Health Care. 1999 Fall;15(4):709-16.
The relationship between an ordinal (Likert) and a continuous (visual analog) measure of pain was investigated in 400 long-distance runners experiencing delayed-onset muscle soreness. Subjects completed a 100-mm visual analog scale (VAS) and a 7-point Likert scale twice a day for 5 days, starting at 9:00 PM on the evening of the run. The relationship between scales was modeled by calculating the median VAS for each Likert score and the modal Likert score for each point on the VAS. Standardized means were calculated by dividing the total of 5 day scores by the standard error of 5 day scores for all subjects. The relationship between scales was approximately linear, but VAS scores recorded concurrently with each Likert score varied enormously. VAS responses for a Likert score of zero were lower than expected, apparently because subjects chose zero only if they were completely free of soreness. The standardized mean of the Likert scale was higher (34.1 [SD 20] versus 30.4 [SD20] p < < < .0001), suggesting greater responsiveness. The Likert scale can be recommended as a method of measuring muscle soreness, but researchers should not anchor the lowest score to zero pain.
在400名经历延迟性肌肉酸痛的长跑运动员中，研究了疼痛的序数（李克特）测量与连续（视觉模拟）测量之间的关系。受试者在跑步当晚晚上9点开始，连续5天每天两次完成100毫米视觉模拟量表（VAS）和7点李克特量表。通过计算每个李克特分数的VAS中位数以及VAS上每个点的众数李克特分数来建立量表之间的关系。通过将所有受试者5天分数总和除以5天分数的标准误差来计算标准化均值。量表之间的关系大致呈线性，但与每个李克特分数同时记录的VAS分数差异很大。李克特评分为零的VAS反应低于预期，显然是因为受试者只有在完全没有酸痛时才选择零。李克特量表的标准化均值更高（34.1[标准差20]对30.4[标准差20]，p <<< .0001），表明反应性更强。李克特量表可推荐作为测量肌肉酸痛的一种方法，但研究人员不应将最低分数锚定为零疼痛。
