Shirane Y, Kurokawa Y, Miyashita S, Komatsu H, Kagawa S
Department of Urology, The University of Tokushima, School of Medicine, Japan.
Urol Res. 1999 Dec;27(6):426-31. doi: 10.1007/s002400050131.
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was applied to the (-101) faces of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals grown from calcium oxalate (CaOx) solutions. Microstructures of many spiral hillocks with step height of 1 nm were observed on the faces. Then using AFM in situ, we analysed the re-growth process of the spiral steps on the face of COM seed-crystals in CaOx growth solutions that contained growth inhibitors of glycosaminoglycans and studied their inhibition mechanisms on COM crystals. The total morphology of the faces of COM seed crystals re-grown in the CaOx growth solutions was assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In the growth solution without glycosaminoglycans (control experiment) or with chondroitin sulphate (ChS), AFM images and SEM micrographs of the faces of the re-grown seed crystals showed two-dimensional (2D) nucleation although 2D nucleation was delayed in the presence of ChS. However, the addition of dermatan sulphate (DS) to the growth solution resulted in isotropic growth by a step flow mode and spiral mechanism. With regard to the main inhibition mechanisms of two glycosaminoglycans (ChS and DS) on COM crystals, it can be concluded from these results that ChS delays 2D nucleation and DS inhibits 2D nucleation.
原子力显微镜（AFM）被应用于从草酸钙（CaOx）溶液中生长的一水合草酸钙（COM）晶体的（-101）晶面。在这些晶面上观察到许多台阶高度为1 nm的螺旋小丘的微观结构。然后，我们使用原位AFM分析了在含有糖胺聚糖生长抑制剂的CaOx生长溶液中COM籽晶晶面上螺旋台阶的再生长过程，并研究了它们对COM晶体的抑制机制。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）评估了在CaOx生长溶液中再生长的COM籽晶晶面的整体形态。在不含糖胺聚糖的生长溶液（对照实验）或含有硫酸软骨素（ChS）的生长溶液中，再生长籽晶晶面的AFM图像和SEM显微照片显示出二维（2D）成核，尽管在ChS存在的情况下2D成核有所延迟。然而，向生长溶液中添加硫酸皮肤素（DS）会通过台阶流动模式和螺旋机制导致各向同性生长。关于两种糖胺聚糖（ChS和DS）对COM晶体的主要抑制机制，从这些结果可以得出结论，ChS延迟2D成核而DS抑制2D成核。
