Skulachev V P
Department of Bioenergetics, A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Russia.
J Bioenerg Biomembr. 1999 Oct;31(5):431-45. doi: 10.1023/a:1005492205984.
Physiological aspects of uncoupling of oxidation and phosphorylation are reviewed in the context of involvement of mitochondrial anion carriers. It is assumed that the carriers facilitate electrophoretic translation of fatty acid anion, RCOO-, from the inner to the outer leaflet of the mitochondrial membrane, whereas back movement of the protonated fatty acid, RCOOH, from the outer to the inner leaflet represents flip-flop of RCOOH via the phospholipid bilayer of the membrane. The RCOO- transport seems to be catalyzed by the ATP/ADP and aspartate/ glutamate antiporters, dicarboxylate carrier, and uncoupling proteins (UCP1, UCP2, UCP3L, UCP3s, and plant UCP). The fatty acid uncoupling is shown to be involved in the thermoregulatory heat production in animals and plants exposed to cold, as well as in performance of respiratory functions other than ATP synthesis, i.e., formation of useful substances, decomposition of unwanted substances, and antioxidant defense. Moreover, partial uncoupling might take part in optimization of the rate of ATP synthesis in aerobic cells.
在涉及线粒体阴离子载体的背景下，对氧化与磷酸化解偶联的生理方面进行了综述。假定这些载体促进脂肪酸阴离子RCOO-从线粒体内膜向外侧小叶的电泳转运，而质子化脂肪酸RCOOH从外侧小叶向内测小叶的反向移动则代表RCOOH通过膜的磷脂双分子层的翻转。RCOO-的转运似乎由ATP/ADP和天冬氨酸/谷氨酸反向转运体、二羧酸载体和解偶联蛋白（UCP1、UCP2、UCP3L、UCP3s以及植物UCP）催化。脂肪酸解偶联被证明参与暴露于寒冷环境中的动植物的体温调节性产热，以及除ATP合成之外的呼吸功能，即有用物质的形成、有害物质的分解和抗氧化防御。此外，部分解偶联可能参与需氧细胞中ATP合成速率的优化。
