Dang H, Lovell C R
Marine Science Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA.
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2000 Feb;66(2):467-75. doi: 10.1128/AEM.66.2.467-475.2000.
The nearly universal colonization of surfaces in marine waters by bacteria and the formation of biofilms and biofouling communities have important implications for ecological function and industrial processes. However, the dynamics of surface attachment and colonization in situ, particularly during the early stages of biofilm establishment, are not well understood. Experimental surfaces that differed in their degrees of hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity were incubated in a salt marsh estuary tidal creek for 24 or 72 h. The organisms colonizing these surfaces were examined by using a cultivation-independent approach, amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis. The goals of this study were to assess the diversity of bacterial colonists involved in early succession on a variety of surfaces and to determine the phylogenetic affiliations of the most common early colonists. Substantial differences in the representation of different cloned ribosomal DNA sequences were found when the 24- and 72-h incubations were compared, indicating that some new organisms were recruited and some other organisms were lost. Phylogenetic analyses of the most common sequences recovered showed that the colonists were related to organisms known to inhabit surfaces or particles in marine systems. A total of 22 of the 26 clones sequenced were affiliated with the Roseobacter subgroup of the alpha subdivision of the division Proteobacteria (alpha-Proteobacteria), and most of these clones were recovered at a high frequency from all surfaces after 24 or 72 h of incubation. Two clones were affiliated with the Alteromonas group of the gamma-Proteobacteria and appeared to be involved only in the very early stages of colonization (within the first 24 h). A comparison of the colonization patterns on the test surfaces indicated that the early bacterial community succession rate and/or direction may be influenced by surface physicochemical properties. However, organisms belonging to the Roseobacter subgroup are ubiquitous and rapid colonizers of surfaces in coastal environments.
细菌对海水中表面的近乎普遍的定殖以及生物膜和生物污损群落的形成，对生态功能和工业过程具有重要影响。然而，原位表面附着和定殖的动态过程，尤其是在生物膜形成的早期阶段，目前还不太清楚。将具有不同亲水性或疏水性程度的实验表面置于盐沼河口潮汐小溪中孵育24或72小时。通过一种不依赖培养的方法，即扩增核糖体DNA限制性分析，来检测定殖在这些表面上的生物。本研究的目的是评估参与各种表面早期演替的细菌定殖者的多样性，并确定最常见的早期定殖者的系统发育关系。比较24小时和72小时孵育时发现，不同克隆核糖体DNA序列的代表性存在显著差异，这表明一些新的生物被招募进来，而另一些生物则消失了。对回收的最常见序列进行的系统发育分析表明，定殖者与已知栖息在海洋系统表面或颗粒上的生物有关。在测序的26个克隆中，共有22个属于变形菌门α亚纲（α-变形菌）的玫瑰杆菌亚群，并且在孵育24或72小时后，这些克隆中的大多数在所有表面上都以高频率回收。两个克隆属于γ-变形菌的交替单胞菌属，似乎仅参与定殖的最初阶段（在最初的24小时内）。对测试表面上定殖模式的比较表明，早期细菌群落的演替速率和/或方向可能受表面物理化学性质的影响。然而，属于玫瑰杆菌亚群的生物在沿海环境中是普遍存在且能快速定殖表面的。
