Petsch D, Anspach F B
Biochemical Engineering Division, GBF-Gesellschaft für Biotechnologische Forschung mbH, Braunschweig, Germany.
J Biotechnol. 2000 Jan 21;76(2-3):97-119. doi: 10.1016/s0168-1656(99)00185-6.
Endotoxins liberated by gram-negative bacteria are frequent contaminations of protein solutions derived from bioprocesses. Because of their high toxicity in vivo and in vitro, their removal is essential for a safe parenteral administration. A general method for the removal of endotoxins from protein solutions is not available. Methods used for decontamination of water, such as ultrafiltration, have little effect on endotoxin levels in protein solutions. Various techniques described in the patent literature are not broadly applicable, as they are tailored to meet specific product requirements. Besides ion-exchangers and two-phase extraction, affinity techniques are applied with varying success. Also, taylor-made endotoxin-selective adsorber matrices for the prevention of endotoxin contamination and endotoxin removal are discussed for this purpose. After giving an overview of the properties of endotoxins and the significance of endotoxin contamination, this review intends to provide an overall picture of the various methods employed for their removal. Avenues are pointed out how to optimise a method with regard to the specific properties of endotoxins in aqueous solution.
革兰氏阴性菌释放的内毒素是生物工艺生产的蛋白质溶液中常见的污染物。由于其在体内和体外的高毒性，去除内毒素对于安全的肠胃外给药至关重要。目前尚无从蛋白质溶液中去除内毒素的通用方法。用于水净化的方法，如超滤，对蛋白质溶液中的内毒素水平影响很小。专利文献中描述的各种技术并不具有广泛适用性，因为它们是为满足特定产品要求而定制的。除了离子交换剂和双相萃取外，亲和技术的应用效果各不相同。此外，还讨论了为此目的定制的内毒素选择性吸附剂基质，用于预防内毒素污染和去除内毒素。在概述内毒素的性质和内毒素污染的重要性之后，本综述旨在全面介绍用于去除内毒素的各种方法。文中指出了如何根据内毒素在水溶液中的特定性质优化方法的途径。
