Galazka A
National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland.
J Infect Dis. 2000 Feb;181 Suppl 1:S244-8. doi: 10.1086/315570.
The massive diphtheria epidemic in the former Soviet Union provides important lessons for all diphtheria immunization programs: It is important to achieve a high level of childhood immunization, maintain immunity against diphtheria in older age groups, and use anti-epidemic measures, including immunization, to control epidemics in the early phase. The immunization coverage among children should be at least 90%. Further studies are needed to elaborate the most effective strategy to maintain immunity against diphtheria in adults (periodic booster doses, immunization of selected age groups in health care settings, use of Td [tetanus-diphtheria toxoids with reduced diphtheria toxoid content] vaccine instead of monovalent tetanus toxoid whenever tetanus toxoid is indicated [e.g., in treatment of wounds or in school-based immunization programs]). Efforts should be undertaken to monitor diphtheria immunity in different groups by conducting age-specific serologic studies.
实现高水平的儿童免疫、维持老年人群对白喉的免疫力以及采取包括免疫在内的抗疫措施以在早期控制疫情至关重要。儿童免疫覆盖率应至少达到90%。需要进一步研究以阐明维持成人对白喉免疫力的最有效策略（定期加强剂量、在医疗机构对特定年龄组进行免疫、在需要接种破伤风类毒素时[如伤口处理或学校免疫规划中]使用Td[白喉类毒素含量降低的破伤风-白喉类毒素]疫苗而非单价破伤风类毒素）。应通过开展特定年龄的血清学研究来监测不同人群的白喉免疫力。
