Filonov V P, Zakharenko D F, Vitek C R, Romanovsky A A, Zhukovski V G
Office of the Deputy Director, Ministry of Health, Minsk, Belarus.
J Infect Dis. 2000 Feb;181 Suppl 1:S41-6. doi: 10.1086/315537.
In 1990, epidemic diphtheria reemerged in Russia and spread to Belarus in 1992, when 66 cases were reported. Diphtheria cases doubled each year in 1993 and 1994 and peaked in 1995, when 322 cases were reported. Intensified routine immunization of young children and mass vaccination of older children and selected groups of adults were conducted in 1995 and were followed by mass vaccination campaigns targeting all adults in 1996. By the end of 1996, full immunization of >95% of children and coverage of>87% of adults with >/=1 dose resulted in a rapid decline in diphtheria cases. In 1998, only 36 cases of diphtheria were reported. More than 70% of the 965 cases and 26 fatalities reported during 1990-1998 occurred among persons >14 years of age. High levels of immunity among the entire population are needed for rapid control of diphtheria epidemics in the vaccine era.
1990年，俄罗斯再度出现流行性白喉疫情，并于1992年蔓延至白俄罗斯，当年报告了66例病例。1993年和1994年白喉病例每年翻倍，并在1995年达到峰值，当年报告了322例病例。1995年对幼儿加强了常规免疫，并对大龄儿童和部分成年人群体开展了大规模疫苗接种，随后在1996年针对所有成年人开展了大规模疫苗接种运动。到1996年底，超过95%的儿童实现了全程免疫，超过87%的成年人接种了≥1剂疫苗，白喉病例数迅速下降。1998年，仅报告了36例白喉病例。1990 - 1998年报告的965例病例和26例死亡病例中，超过70%发生在14岁以上人群中。在疫苗时代，迅速控制白喉疫情需要全体人群具备高水平的免疫力。
