Tatochenko V, Mitjushin I L
Center for Immunoprophylaxis, Institute of Pediatrics, Research Center for Child Health, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow 117963, Russia.
J Infect Dis. 2000 Feb;181 Suppl 1:S228-31. doi: 10.1086/315567.
Failure to achieve high levels of immunity among children contributed to the epidemic of diphtheria that occurred in the Russian Federation during the 1990s. A major factor in this failure was the extensive list of contraindications to vaccination that was in use throughout the countries of the former Soviet Union. In 1980, the Ministry of Health (MOH) of the Soviet Union adopted an extensive list of contraindications for use of the diphtheria-tetanus toxoids-pertussis (DTP) vaccine. In 1994, the MOH of the Russian Federation revised the list of contraindications to vaccination to be largely in accord with World Health Organization recommendations. Since then, age-appropriate vaccination coverage has increased markedly: In 1996, DTP3 coverage among children 12 months of age had increased to 87% from 60% in 1990.
20世纪90年代，俄罗斯联邦儿童未能实现高水平免疫，导致了白喉疫情的爆发。造成这一失败的一个主要因素是在前苏联各国广泛使用的疫苗接种禁忌清单。1980年，苏联卫生部采用了一份广泛的白喉-破伤风类毒素-百日咳（DTP）疫苗接种禁忌清单。1994年，俄罗斯联邦卫生部修订了疫苗接种禁忌清单，使其基本符合世界卫生组织的建议。自那时以来，适龄疫苗接种覆盖率显著提高：1996年，12个月龄儿童的三联疫苗（DTP3）接种覆盖率从1990年的60%提高到了87%。
