Albery I P, Strang J, Gossop M, Griffiths P
ICRF Psychosocial Oncology Unit, University of London, St Thomas' Hospital, UK.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2000 Feb 1;58(1-2):197-204. doi: 10.1016/s0376-8716(99)00101-5.
Drug-driving behaviour among out-of-treatment dependent drug users has not been investigated while a theoretical perspective on the propensity of certain drug users to drive while impaired has not been suggested. This paper examines illicit drugs and driving behaviour and accident involvement among out-of-treatment current drug users. Psychological evidence of belief-based mechanisms to account for the decision to drive while impaired by drugs are provided. A total of 210 out-of-treatment current drug users were interviewed in a non-clinical setting by privileged access interviewers. Questionnaire measures were: current illicit drug use, severity of dependence, illicit drugs and driving behaviour, impaired and unimpaired accident involvement and beliefs and perceptions about the impairing effects of a number of illicit drugs. Analyses are restricted to participants who reported driving during the previous 12 months (n = 71). Fifty-eight participants (81.7%) reported driving immediately after consuming illicit drugs, primarily heroin and cannabis. Of these 41.4% (n = 24) had at least one road accident as a driver, 15 of whom (62.4%) reported accident involvement following recent drug consumption. Belief-based results showed that participants who reported never driving after using illicit drugs perceived heroin, methadone and alcohol to be greater significance for accident risk and driving skills impairment than other drugs. Those drivers who reported drugs and driving behaviour believed only alcohol to be significantly more impairing than other drugs. Findings indicated that illicit drugs and driving behaviour is common among out-of-treatment drug users. Accident involvement among this cohort is characterised by the previous consumption of illicit substances. Differential beliefs about the effects of drugs on driving performance and accident risk were shown to be dependent upon frequency of drugs and driving behaviour. Results are discussed in terms of experiential factors and consistency theories of attitude formation and change.
尚未对戒毒后仍依赖毒品者的药物驾驶行为进行调查，同时也未有人提出关于某些吸毒者在受损状态下仍倾向于驾驶的理论观点。本文研究了戒毒后仍在吸毒者的非法药物使用情况、驾驶行为以及事故卷入情况。文中提供了基于信念机制的心理学证据，用以解释吸毒受损时仍做出驾驶决定的原因。共有210名戒毒后仍在吸毒者在非临床环境中接受了特许访问访谈者的访谈。问卷调查内容包括：当前非法药物使用情况、依赖程度、非法药物与驾驶行为、有无受损情况下的事故卷入情况以及对多种非法药物损害作用的信念和认知。分析仅限于在过去12个月内报告有驾驶行为的参与者（n = 71）。58名参与者（81.7%）报告在吸食非法药物（主要是海洛因和大麻）后立即驾驶。其中，41.4%（n = 24）至少发生过一次作为驾驶员的道路交通事故，其中15人（62.4%）报告事故是在近期吸毒后发生的。基于信念的结果表明，那些报告在使用非法药物后从不驾驶的参与者认为，海洛因、美沙酮和酒精对事故风险和驾驶技能损害的影响比其他药物更大。那些报告有吸毒和驾驶行为的驾驶员认为只有酒精比其他药物更具显著损害性。研究结果表明，非法药物与驾驶行为在戒毒后仍吸毒者中很常见。这一群体中的事故卷入情况以之前吸食非法物质为特征。关于药物对驾驶性能和事故风险影响的不同信念被证明取决于药物使用频率和驾驶行为。本文根据经验因素以及态度形成和改变的一致性理论对研究结果进行了讨论。
