Anderson K V
Molecular Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10021, USA.
Curr Opin Immunol. 2000 Feb;12(1):13-9. doi: 10.1016/s0952-7915(99)00045-x.
The Toll signaling pathway, which is required for the establishment of the dorsal-ventral axis in Drosophila embryos, plays an important role in the response of larval and adult Drosophila to microbial infections. Recent genetic evidence has shown that a mammalian Toll-like receptor, mouse Tlr4, is the signal transducing receptor activated by bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Thus, Toll-like receptors appear to detect a variety of microbial components and to trigger a defensive reaction in both Drosophila and mammals. Genetic data from both Drosophila and mice have defined components required for activation of Toll-like receptors and for the downstream pathways activated by the Toll-like receptors.
Toll信号通路在果蝇胚胎背腹轴的建立中是必需的，在果蝇幼虫和成虫对微生物感染的反应中发挥着重要作用。最近的遗传学证据表明，一种哺乳动物Toll样受体——小鼠Tlr4，是被细菌脂多糖激活的信号转导受体。因此，Toll样受体似乎能检测多种微生物成分，并在果蝇和哺乳动物中触发防御反应。来自果蝇和小鼠的遗传学数据已经确定了激活Toll样受体以及Toll样受体激活的下游通路所需的成分。
