Downs J S, Shafir E
Department of Social and Decision Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-3890, USA.
Psychon Bull Rev. 1999 Dec;6(4):598-610. doi: 10.3758/bf03212968.
In line with the principle of compatibility, when making social judgments, people tend to focus on personality attributes compatible with the trait under consideration. Better known, or enriched, personages are more likely to present attributes that are compatible with a particular trait than are personages about whom little is known. As a result, enriched personages are more likely to have various, sometimes even conflicting, traits attributed to them. This hypothesis is supported by a number of studies that compare the frequency with which some people are chosen as being better described by opposite trait adjectives than are others. Celebrities more often have both of a pair of opposing adjectives ascribed to them than do less well known figures. Similarly, subjects judge themselves to be better described by either of a pair of opposite adjectives than is a person who is relatively unknown in their lives. The implications for social judgment and for everyday decisions are discussed.
根据兼容性原则，在做出社会判断时，人们倾向于关注与所考虑的特质相兼容的人格属性。广为人知或信息丰富的人物比鲜为人知的人物更有可能展现出与特定特质相兼容的属性。因此，信息丰富的人物更有可能被赋予各种各样、有时甚至相互冲突的特质。这一假设得到了多项研究的支持，这些研究比较了某些人被选为比其他人更适合用相反特质形容词描述的频率。名人比知名度较低的人物更常被赋予一对相反的形容词。同样，受试者认为自己比生活中相对不为人知的人更适合用一对相反形容词中的任何一个来描述。文中还讨论了这对社会判断和日常决策的影响。
