Prentice D A
Department of Psychology, Princeton University, New Jersey 08544-1010.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1990 Sep;59(3):369-83. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.59.3.369.
Two studies compared representations of the self and of other people, guided by the hypothesis that self-other differences derive from one's greater familiarity with oneself than with others. For the first study, participants wrote open-ended descriptions of themselves, a familiar person, and an unfamiliar person, which were analyzed for the amount and types of information they contained and for consistency in specific content across stimulus people and situations. Participants returned for a second study 1 week later and made timed judgments of information taken from their written protocols. The response latencies for these judgments were used to infer how information is organized in self- and other-concepts. The results supported most of the predicted self-other differences, but almost all were matched by differences between familiar and unfamiliar others. Familiarity does provide a parsimonious explanation for many self-other differences.
两项研究比较了自我和他人的表征，其依据的假设是自我与他人的差异源于一个人对自己比对他人更熟悉。在第一项研究中，参与者以开放式的方式描述自己、一个熟悉的人和一个不熟悉的人，分析这些描述所包含的信息数量和类型，以及不同刺激人物和情境下特定内容的一致性。参与者在1周后返回进行第二项研究，对从他们的书面记录中提取的信息进行限时判断。这些判断的反应潜伏期被用来推断信息在自我概念和他人概念中是如何组织的。结果支持了大部分预测的自我与他人的差异，但几乎所有差异都与熟悉和不熟悉的他人之间的差异相匹配。熟悉度确实为许多自我与他人的差异提供了一个简洁的解释。
