Gardner M M, Robertson M C, Campbell A J
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Otago Medical School, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Br J Sports Med. 2000 Feb;34(1):7-17. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.34.1.7.
To assess the effectiveness of exercise programmes in preventing falls (and/or lowering the risk of falls and fall related injuries) in older people.
A review of controlled clinical trials designed with the aim of lowering the risk of falling and/or fall injuries through an exercise only intervention or an intervention that included an exercise component.
Falls, fall related injuries, time between falls, costs, cost effectiveness.
A total of 4933 men and women aged 60 years and older.
Eleven trials meeting the criteria for inclusion were reviewed. Eight of these trials had separate exercise interventions, and three used interventions with an exercise programme component. Five trials showed a significant reduction in the rate of falls or the risk of falling in the intervention group.
Exercise is effective in lowering falls risk in selected groups and should form part of falls prevention programmes. Lowering fall related injuries will reduce health care costs but there is little available information on the costs associated with programme replication or the cost effectiveness of exercise programmes aimed at preventing falls in older people.
评估运动方案在预防老年人跌倒（和/或降低跌倒风险及与跌倒相关的损伤风险）方面的有效性。
对对照临床试验进行综述，这些试验旨在通过仅运动干预或包含运动成分的干预来降低跌倒风险和/或跌倒损伤风险。
跌倒、与跌倒相关的损伤、跌倒间隔时间、成本、成本效益。
共4933名60岁及以上的男性和女性。
对11项符合纳入标准的试验进行了综述。其中8项试验有单独的运动干预，3项试验使用了包含运动方案成分的干预。5项试验显示干预组的跌倒发生率或跌倒风险显著降低。
运动在降低特定人群的跌倒风险方面有效，应成为跌倒预防方案的一部分。降低与跌倒相关的损伤将减少医疗保健成本，但关于方案复制相关成本或旨在预防老年人跌倒的运动方案的成本效益，几乎没有可用信息。
