Bidell M P, Furlong M J, Dunn D M, Koegler J E
University of California, Santa Barbara, 1110 Phelps Hall - Hosford Clinic, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA.
Tob Control. 2000 Mar;9(1):71-7. doi: 10.1136/tc.9.1.71.
To examine self service tobacco displays (SSTDs) and youth retail tobacco access by comparing longitudinal illegal tobacco sales rates in three communities in Santa Barbara County, California, that considered or implemented ordinances banning SSTDs. A confirmatory survey was also conducted to substantiate the longitudinal data.
A longitudinal case study design was utilised. Five undercover tobacco buys were conducted between 1994 and 1997 (n = 332). In addition, one confirmatory survey was conducted in a geographically separated area, which had no ordinances banning SSTDs (n = 57).
Decreases in youth buy rates were reported in all three communities. Most notably, the first city to enact a SSTD ban, Carpinteria, achieved a 0% sales rate, which was maintained throughout the study period. In contrast, Santa Barbara and Goleta experienced considerable drops in their illegal sales rates, but neither community obtained results as dramatic as those found in Carpinteria. The confirmatory survey showed that 32.1% of stores with SSTDs sold cigarettes to minors; this compares to a sales rate of 3.4% in stores without SSTDs (chi(2) (1) = 8.11, p = 0.004).
Efforts to enact self service bans are likely to meet with retail and tobacco industry opposition, as was the case in this study's three communities. The process of community debate, resultant publicity surrounding the issue, and enactment of SSTD ordinances may serve to not only increase merchant awareness of youth tobacco laws and their penalties but also may contribute to reduced youth cigarette sales rates. Implications and limitations of the findings are discussed.
通过比较加利福尼亚州圣巴巴拉县三个考虑或实施禁止自助式烟草展示（SSTD）条例的社区的纵向非法烟草销售率，来研究自助式烟草展示及青少年获取零售烟草的情况。还进行了一项验证性调查以证实纵向数据。
采用纵向案例研究设计。1994年至1997年间进行了五次卧底烟草购买（n = 332）。此外，在一个地理上独立且没有禁止SSTD条例的地区进行了一项验证性调查（n = 57）。
所有三个社区的青少年购买率均有所下降。最显著的是，第一个颁布SSTD禁令的城市卡平特里亚的销售率降至0%，在整个研究期间一直保持。相比之下，圣巴巴拉和戈利塔的非法销售率大幅下降，但两个社区都没有取得像卡平特里亚那样显著的结果。验证性调查显示，有SSTD的商店中32.1%向未成年人出售香烟；相比之下，没有SSTD的商店的销售率为3.4%（χ²(1) = 8.11，p = 0.004）。
正如本研究中的三个社区那样，颁布自助式禁令的努力可能会遭到零售和烟草行业的反对。社区辩论过程、围绕该问题产生的宣传以及SSTD条例的颁布不仅可能提高商家对青少年烟草法律及其处罚的认识，还可能有助于降低青少年香烟销售率。讨论了研究结果的意义和局限性。
