Leitch A R
Queen Mary and Westfield College, University of London, London, United Kingdom.
Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2000 Mar;64(1):138-52. doi: 10.1128/MMBR.64.1.138-152.2000.
The review examines the structured organization of interphase nuclei using a range of examples from the plants, animals, and fungi. Nuclear organization is shown to be an important phenomenon in cell differentiation and development. The review commences by examining nuclei in dividing cells and shows that the organization patterns can be dynamic within the time frame of the cell cycle. When cells stop dividing, derived differentiated cells often show quite different nuclear organizations. The developmental fate of nuclei is divided into three categories. (i) The first includes nuclei that undergo one of several forms of polyploidy and can themselves change in structure during the course of development. Possible function roles of polyploidy is given. (ii) The second is nuclear reorganization without polyploidy, where nuclei reorganize their structure to form novel arrangements of proteins and chromosomes. (iii) The third is nuclear disintegration linked to programmed cell death. The role of the nucleus in this process is described. The review demonstrates that recent methods to probe nuclei for nucleic acids and proteins, as well as to examine their intranuclear distribution in vivo, has revealed much about nuclear structure. It is clear that nuclear organization can influence or be influenced by cell activity and development. However, the full functional role of many of the observed phenomena has still to be fully realized.
这篇综述通过植物、动物和真菌中的一系列例子，研究了间期细胞核的结构化组织。核组织被证明是细胞分化和发育中的一个重要现象。综述首先研究了分裂细胞中的细胞核，并表明组织模式在细胞周期的时间框架内可能是动态的。当细胞停止分裂时，衍生的分化细胞通常表现出截然不同的核组织。细胞核的发育命运分为三类。(i) 第一类包括经历几种多倍体形式之一的细胞核，并且在发育过程中其自身结构会发生变化。给出了多倍体可能的功能作用。(ii) 第二类是无多倍体的核重组，其中细胞核重组其结构以形成蛋白质和染色体的新排列。(iii) 第三类是与程序性细胞死亡相关的核解体。描述了细胞核在此过程中的作用。综述表明，最近用于探测细胞核中的核酸和蛋白质以及在体内检查其核内分布的方法，已经揭示了许多关于核结构的信息。很明显，核组织可以影响细胞活动和发育，也可以受到细胞活动和发育的影响。然而，许多观察到的现象的全部功能作用仍有待充分认识。
