Tallent K A, Gooding D C
Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 53706-1696, USA.
Psychiatry Res. 1999 Dec 27;89(3):161-70. doi: 10.1016/s0165-1781(99)00101-8.
The present study examined spatial working memory and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) performance in psychosis-prone individuals, either those with extremely high scores on the Social Anhedonia Scale (SocAnh; n = 49) or deviant scores on the Perceptual Aberration-Magical Ideation Scales (Per-Mag; n = 66). Sixty-three individuals with normal scores on the Chapman Psychosis-Proneness Scales served as control subjects. In order to evaluate working memory performance, participants were administered three tasks, namely, sensorimotor, degraded stimulus, and delayed-response tasks. Although the SocAnh and Per-Mag groups displayed poorer performance than control subjects on the working memory task, they did not differ significantly from each other. The SocAnh group exhibited slower reaction times on the working memory task compared to the control group. The groups did not differ in their performance on sensorimotor or degraded stimulus control tasks. Both psychosis-prone groups differed significantly from control subjects in terms of their WCST performance. Working memory performance was inversely associated with the number of perseverative errors (r = -0.17) and the number of trials to complete the first category on the WCST (r= -0.15). These findings extend the literature by indicating that some psychosis-prone individuals with social-interpersonal schizotypal deficits also display subtle spatial working memory impairments.
本研究考察了易患精神病个体的空间工作记忆和威斯康星卡片分类测验（WCST）表现，这些个体要么在社交快感缺乏量表（SocAnh；n = 49）上得分极高，要么在知觉畸变 - 神奇观念量表（Per - Mag；n = 66）上得分异常。63名在查普曼精神病易患量表上得分正常的个体作为对照受试者。为了评估工作记忆表现，参与者接受了三项任务，即感觉运动任务、退化刺激任务和延迟反应任务。尽管SocAnh组和Per - Mag组在工作记忆任务上的表现比对照受试者差，但它们之间没有显著差异。与对照组相比，SocAnh组在工作记忆任务上的反应时间较慢。这些组在感觉运动或退化刺激控制任务上的表现没有差异。两个易患精神病组在WCST表现方面与对照受试者有显著差异。工作记忆表现与WCST上的持续性错误数量（r = -0.17）和完成第一类别的试验次数（r = -0.15）呈负相关。这些发现扩展了文献，表明一些具有社会人际分裂型缺陷的易患精神病个体也表现出轻微的空间工作记忆损害。
