Sliney D H
Laser/Optical Radiation Program, U.S. Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, USA.
J Epidemiol. 1999 Dec;9(6 Suppl):S22-32. doi: 10.2188/jea.9.6sup_22.
Epidemiological studies of the influence of environmental ultraviolet radiation (UVR) in the development of cataract, pterygium, droplet keratopathies and age-related macular degeneration have produced inconsistent findings. The lack of consistent results may be due largely to either incomplete or erroneous estimates of outdoor UV exposure dose. Geometrical factors dominate the determination of UVR exposure of the eye. The degree of lid opening limits ocular exposure to only those rays entering at angles near the horizon. Clouds redistribute overhead UVR to the horizon sky. Mountains, trees and building shield the eye from direct sky exposure. Most ground surfaces reflect little UVR. The result is that the highest UVR exposure occurs during light overcast where the horizon is visible and ground surface reflection is high. By contrast, exposure in a high mountain valley with green foliage results in a much lower ocular dose. Other findings of these studies show that retinal exposure to light and UVR in daylight occurs largely in the superior retina.
关于环境紫外线辐射（UVR）对白内障、翼状胬肉、点状角膜病变和年龄相关性黄斑变性发展影响的流行病学研究结果并不一致。结果缺乏一致性很大程度上可能是由于对户外紫外线暴露剂量的估计不完整或错误。几何因素在眼睛紫外线暴露的决定中起主导作用。眼睑张开程度限制了眼睛仅暴露于以接近地平线的角度进入的光线。云层将头顶的紫外线重新分布到地平线天空。山脉、树木和建筑物使眼睛免受直接的天空照射。大多数地面反射的紫外线很少。结果是，在可见地平线且地面反射率高的轻度阴天期间，紫外线暴露最高。相比之下，在有绿色树叶的高山山谷中，眼睛的暴露剂量要低得多。这些研究的其他结果表明，白天视网膜对光线和紫外线的暴露主要发生在视网膜上部。
