Behar-Cohen Francine, Baillet Gilles, de Ayguavives Tito, Garcia Paula Ortega, Krutmann Jean, Peña-García Pablo, Reme Charlotte, Wolffsohn James S
French Institute of Health and Medical Research, Team 17, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, France.
Research and Development Center, Essilor International, Saint Maur des Fossés, France.
Clin Ophthalmol. 2014;8:87-104. doi: 10.2147/OPTH.S46189. Epub 2013 Dec 19.
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation potentially damages the skin, the immune system, and structures of the eye. A useful UV sun protection for the skin has been established. Since a remarkable body of evidence shows an association between UV radiation and damage to structures of the eye, eye protection is important, but a reliable and practical tool to assess and compare the UV-protective properties of lenses has been lacking. Among the general lay public, misconceptions on eye-sun protection have been identified. For example, sun protection is mainly ascribed to sunglasses, but less so to clear lenses. Skin malignancies in the periorbital region are frequent, but usual topical skin protection does not include the lids. Recent research utilized exact dosimetry and demonstrated relevant differences in UV burden to the eye and skin at a given ambient irradiation. Chronic UV effects on the cornea and lens are cumulative, so effective UV protection of the eyes is important for all age groups and should be used systematically. Protection of children's eyes is especially important, because UV transmittance is higher at a very young age, allowing higher levels of UV radiation to reach the crystalline lens and even the retina. Sunglasses as well as clear lenses (plano and prescription) effectively reduce transmittance of UV radiation. However, an important share of the UV burden to the eye is explained by back reflection of radiation from lenses to the eye. UV radiation incident from an angle of 135°-150° behind a lens wearer is reflected from the back side of lenses. The usual antireflective coatings considerably increase reflection of UV radiation. To provide reliable labeling of the protective potential of lenses, an eye-sun protection factor (E-SPF®) has been developed. It integrates UV transmission as well as UV reflectance of lenses. The E-SPF® compares well with established skin-sun protection factors and provides clear messages to eye health care providers and to lay consumers.
紫外线（UV）辐射可能会损害皮肤、免疫系统和眼睛结构。一种有效的皮肤紫外线防护措施已经确立。由于大量证据表明紫外线辐射与眼睛结构损伤之间存在关联，因此眼部防护很重要，但一直缺乏一种可靠且实用的工具来评估和比较镜片的紫外线防护性能。在普通公众中，已发现存在对眼部防晒的误解。例如，防晒主要归功于太阳镜，而对透明镜片的重视程度较低。眶周区域的皮肤恶性肿瘤很常见，但常规的局部皮肤防护并不包括眼睑。最近的研究采用了精确的剂量测定法，并证明在给定的环境辐射下，眼睛和皮肤所承受的紫外线负担存在显著差异。紫外线对角膜和晶状体的慢性影响是累积性的，因此对所有年龄段的人来说，有效的眼部紫外线防护都很重要，并且应该系统地使用。保护儿童的眼睛尤为重要，因为在非常年幼时紫外线透过率更高，会有更高水平的紫外线辐射到达晶状体甚至视网膜。太阳镜以及透明镜片（平光镜和处方镜片）都能有效降低紫外线的透过率。然而，眼睛所承受的紫外线负担中有很大一部分是由镜片向眼睛的反向辐射造成的。从佩戴者身后135° - 150°角度入射的紫外线会从镜片背面反射。常见的抗反射涂层会显著增加紫外线的反射。为了对镜片的防护潜力进行可靠标注，已经开发出了眼部防晒系数（E - SPF®）。它综合了镜片的紫外线透过率以及紫外线反射率。E - SPF®与已确立的皮肤防晒系数具有良好的可比性，并能为眼部保健提供者和普通消费者提供清晰的信息。
