Macdonald E B, Ritchie K A, Murray K J, Gilmour W H
Department of Public Health, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
Occup Environ Med. 2000 Feb;57(2):98-105. doi: 10.1136/oem.57.2.98.
To identify the common core competencies required for occupational physicians in Europe.
A modified Delphi survey was conducted among members of the European Association of Schools of Occupational Medicine (EASOM), the Occupational Medicine Section of the Union of European Medical Specialities (UEMS), and of the European Network of Societies of Occupational Physicians (ENSOP). An initial questionnaire based on the training syllabus of the United Kingdom Faculty of Occupational Medicine was circulated and respondents were asked to rate the importance of each item. The results were discussed at a conference on the subject of competencies. A further questionnaire was developed and circulated which asked respondents to rank items within each section.
There was a 74% response in the first round and an 80% response in the second. Respondents' ratings from most important to least important were; occupational hazards to health, research methods, health promotion, occupational health law and ethics, communications, assessment of disability, environmental medicine, and management. In the second round, among those topics ranked most highly were; hazards to health and the illnesses which they cause, control of risks, and diagnoses of work related ill health. Topics such as principles of occupational safety and selection of personal protection equipment were of least importance. Although the assessment of fitness was regarded as important, monitoring and advising on sickness absence were not highly rated. Management competency was regarded as of low importance.
This survey identified that respondents had traditional disease focused views of the competencies required of occupational physicians and that competencies were lagging behind the evolving definition of occupational health.
确定欧洲职业医师所需的核心共同能力。
对欧洲职业医学学校协会（EASOM）、欧洲医学专业联盟职业医学分会（UEMS）以及欧洲职业医师协会网络（ENSOP）的成员进行了改良德尔菲调查。基于英国职业医学学院培训大纲的初始问卷被分发，要求受访者对每个项目的重要性进行评分。在一次关于能力主题的会议上对结果进行了讨论。随后制定并分发了进一步的问卷，要求受访者对每个部分的项目进行排序。
第一轮的回复率为74%，第二轮为80%。受访者从最重要到最不重要的评分依次为：职业健康危害、研究方法、健康促进、职业健康法律与伦理、沟通、残疾评估、环境医学和管理。在第二轮中，排名最高的主题包括：健康危害及其导致的疾病、风险控制以及与工作相关的健康不良诊断。诸如职业安全原则和个人防护设备选择等主题最不重要。尽管健康评估被认为很重要，但对病假的监测和建议得分不高。管理能力被认为重要性较低。
本次调查表明，受访者对职业医师所需能力持有传统的以疾病为重点的观点，且这些能力落后于职业健康不断演变的定义。
