Mori Koji, Nagata Masako, Hiraoka Mika, Kudo Megumi, Nagata Tomohisa, Kajiki Shigeyuki
Occupational Health Training Center; Department of Occupational Health Practice and Management, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan.
J Occup Health. 2015;57(2):126-41. doi: 10.1539/joh.14-0162-OA. Epub 2015 Jan 10.
The aim of this study was to study the necessary competencies for specialist occupational physicians in Japan and the effective training methods for acquiring them.
A competency list (61 items) was developed for the questionnaires in the study by making use of existing competency lists from the Japan Society for Occupational Health (JSOH) as well as lists from the US and Europe. Certified senior occupational physicians (CSOPs) in the certification program of the JSOH completed a questionnaire on the necessary competencies. Examiners of the examination for certified occupational physicians (COPs) completed another questionnaire on effective training methods.
All 61 competencies in the questionnaires were evaluated as "necessary". Some of the competencies in the list from the JSOH were evaluated lower than the items added from the American and European lists. When the respondents were categorized into a "practical group", the members of which mainly provided occupational health services, an "academic group", the members of which belonged to research or education institutes such as medical schools, and all others, the practical group evaluated some competencies significantly higher than the academic group, particularly those related to work accommodation. Among three options for training methods, the most effective methods were lectures and textbooks for 5 competency items, on-the-job training (OJT) for 30 items, and case-based learning (CBL) for 29 items.
Some competencies should be added to the JSOH list. CBL should be introduced in training programs for specialist occupational physicians.
本研究旨在探讨日本专科职业医师所需的能力以及获取这些能力的有效培训方法。
通过利用日本职业卫生学会（JSOH）现有的能力清单以及美国和欧洲的清单，制定了一份用于本研究问卷的能力清单（61项）。JSOH认证计划中的认证高级职业医师（CSOPs）完成了一份关于所需能力的问卷。认证职业医师（COPs）考试的考官完成了另一份关于有效培训方法的问卷。
问卷中的所有61项能力均被评估为“必要”。JSOH清单中的一些能力被评估得低于从美国和欧洲清单中添加的项目。当将受访者分为“实践组”（主要提供职业健康服务）、“学术组”（成员属于医学院等研究或教育机构）以及其他所有组时，实践组对一些能力的评估显著高于学术组，特别是那些与工作适应相关的能力。在三种培训方法选项中，最有效的方法是5项能力的讲座和教科书、30项能力的在职培训（OJT）以及29项能力的基于案例的学习（CBL）。
应在JSOH清单中添加一些能力。应在专科职业医师培训计划中引入CBL。
