Reetoo K N, Harrington J M, Macdonald E B
Healthy Working Lives Research Group, Public Health and Health Policy Section, Division of Community based Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK.
Occup Environ Med. 2005 Jun;62(6):406-13. doi: 10.1136/oem.2004.017061.
Occupational physicians can contribute to good management in healthy enterprises. The requirement to take into account the needs of the customers when planning occupational health services is well established.
To establish the priorities of UK employers, employees, and their representatives regarding the competencies they require from occupational physicians; to explore the reasons for variations of the priorities in different groups; and to make recommendations for occupational medicine training curricula in consideration of these findings.
This study involved a Delphi survey of employers and employees from public and private organisations of varying business sizes, and health and safety specialists as well as trade union representatives throughout the UK. It was conducted in two rounds by a combination of computer assisted telephone interview (CATI) and postal survey techniques, using a questionnaire based on the list of competencies described by UK and European medical training bodies.
There was broad consensus about the required competencies of occupational physicians among the respondent subgroups. All the competencies in which occupational physicians are trained were considered important by the customers. In the order of decreasing importance, the competencies were: Law and Ethics, Occupational Hazards, Disability and Fitness for Work, Communication, Environmental Exposures, Research Methods, Health Promotion, and Management.
The priorities of customers differed from previously published occupational physicians' priorities. Existing training programmes for occupational physicians should be regularly reviewed and where necessary, modified to ensure that the emphasis of training meets customer requirements.
职业医师有助于健康企业的良好管理。在规划职业健康服务时考虑客户需求这一要求已得到充分确立。
确定英国雇主、雇员及其代表对于职业医师所需能力的优先次序；探究不同群体中优先次序存在差异的原因；并根据这些研究结果为职业医学培训课程提出建议。
本研究对英国不同规模的公共和私营组织的雇主、雇员、健康与安全专家以及工会代表进行了德尔菲调查。通过计算机辅助电话访谈（CATI）和邮寄调查技术相结合的方式分两轮进行，使用的问卷基于英国和欧洲医学培训机构所描述的能力清单。
在各应答子群体中，对于职业医师所需能力存在广泛共识。客户认为职业医师接受培训的所有能力都很重要。按重要性递减顺序排列，这些能力依次为：法律与伦理、职业危害、残疾与工作适应性、沟通、环境暴露、研究方法、健康促进和管理。
客户的优先次序与先前公布的职业医师的优先次序不同。应定期审查职业医师的现有培训计划，并在必要时进行修改，以确保培训重点符合客户要求。
