Olson M F, Marais R
CRC Centre for Cell and Molecular Biology, Chester Beatty Laboratories, Institute for Cancer Research, London, UK.
Semin Immunol. 2000 Feb;12(1):63-73. doi: 10.1006/smim.2000.0208.
Ras proteins were identified through their association with cell transformation. Since then they have been shown to regulate cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis, as well as influencing processes such as cell migration and neuronal activity. Ras regulates a number of signalling molecules by translocating them to the plasma membrane for activation. An emerging concept is that Ras acts as a branchpoint in signal transduction because it orchestrates the activity of multiple signalling pathways to regulate diverse cellular functions. This implies a degree of selectivity in the ability of Ras to activate particular arms of each pathway, but the mechanisms by which this is achieved are not known. Ras is also an important regulator of immune function and in this review, we summarise current understanding of Ras regulation and function and discuss some new aspects of Ras signalling where understanding is less clear.
Ras蛋白是通过其与细胞转化的关联而被鉴定出来的。从那时起，它们已被证明可调节细胞生长、分化和凋亡，以及影响细胞迁移和神经元活动等过程。Ras通过将多种信号分子转运至质膜进行激活，从而调控这些信号分子。一个新兴的概念是，Ras作为信号转导中的一个分支点，因为它协调多种信号通路的活性以调节不同的细胞功能。这意味着Ras激活每条通路特定分支的能力具有一定程度的选择性，但其实现机制尚不清楚。Ras也是免疫功能的重要调节因子，在本综述中，我们总结了目前对Ras调节和功能的理解，并讨论了Ras信号传导中一些尚不太清楚的新方面。
