Wiesner G, Grimm J, Bittner E
Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin.
Gesundheitswesen. 1999 Dec;61 Spec No:S79-84.
The prevalence of survival after a stroke is dependent on the incidence and the fatality rate, whereby the incidence and the fatality rate are influenced by different factors. A survey can only include the minor cases of post-stroke conditions. The prevalence figures thus only reflect the less serious or rehabilitated strokes. Despite this underrepresentation of strokes in the survey we can observe an underestimation of the stroke problem in Germany. Whereas we previously assumed 440,000 to 500,000 strokes in Germany, the projection from the data of the German National Health Interview and Examination Survey amounted to around 945,000 cases (only strokes with "minor" motor, sensory and cognitive losses and restrictions which allow a participation in the survey). The lifetime prevalence rate of the 18-< 80 year old female population is somewhat higher than the male population of the same age (n.s.). The 50 to < 60 year old men have a relatively high prevalence rate. The corresponding age specific prevalence rates increase with increasing age. There are no significant differences in morbidity between the former East and West German states, the prevalence rates of men are somewhat higher in the East and those of women in the West. We can see the following trends in a comparison of the lifetime prevalence rates between 1997/98 and 1990/92: the number of post-stroke conditions among German men 25-< 70 years old declined significantly, among women they increased slightly (n.s.); the prevalence as a whole also declined significantly among men in western Germany, among women they increased slightly (n.s.) in contrast to former West Germany the prevalence rates among men in eastern Germany increased slightly, among women they were almost cut in half. 32.8% of the population with "minor" post-stroke conditions is characterized by sensory disruptions, 32.1% by impairments when walking, 31.3% by paralyses, 20.5% by speech impairments, 17.1% by cognitive disorders and 3.1% by disturbances of consciousness.
中风后的生存率取决于发病率和死亡率，而发病率和死亡率又受不同因素影响。一项调查只能涵盖中风后情况的轻症病例。因此，患病率数据仅反映了病情不太严重或已康复的中风病例。尽管调查中中风病例存在这种代表性不足的情况，但我们仍能观察到德国中风问题被低估。此前我们认为德国每年有44万至50万例中风病例，而根据德国国民健康访谈与检查调查的数据推算，这一数字约为94.5万例（仅包括有“轻微”运动、感觉和认知损失及功能受限且能参与调查的中风病例）。18至未满80岁女性人群的终生患病率略高于同年龄段男性人群（无统计学差异）。50至未满60岁男性的患病率相对较高。相应的年龄别患病率随年龄增长而上升。前东德和西德地区在发病率上无显著差异，男性患病率在东部略高，女性患病率在西部略高。对比1997/98年和1990/92年的终生患病率，我们可以看到以下趋势：25至未满70岁德国男性中风后情况的病例数显著下降，女性略有增加（无统计学差异）；西德男性的总体患病率也显著下降，女性略有增加（无统计学差异），与前西德相比，东德男性患病率略有上升，女性患病率几乎减半。有“轻微”中风后情况的人群中，32.8%有感觉障碍，32.1%行走功能受损，31.3%瘫痪，20.5%有言语障碍，17.1%有认知障碍，3.1%有意识障碍。
