Voigt-Radloff S, Schochat T, Heiss H W
Zentrum für Geriatrie und Gerontologie, Universitätsklinikum Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Lehener Str. 88, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
Z Gerontol Geriatr. 2004 Dec;37(6):444-9. doi: 10.1007/s00391-004-0242-1.
To investigate how far controlled trials give evidence for the assumption that occupational therapy treatment improves or stabilises the competence, autonomy or satisfaction of elderly while performing every day activities.
Clinical trials with randomised, quasi-experimental or crossover control group design and "occupational therapy" as the main subject were identified by an electronic search of the medline database. The criteria for the analysis were derived from the CONSORT-Statement and adapted for occupational therapy. They relate to the quality of sample, intervention, measurement and data analysis.
The 31 identified studies (RCT, n=23; quasi-experimental, n=2; crossover, n=6) were mainly conducted in Great Britain, USA and Canada, but not in Germany. They are heterogeneous regarding the characteristics and size of samples, the outcome variables and treatment approaches. They give evidence for a significant efficacy of occupational therapy with elderly, but also show some methodological shortcomings.
While on an international level the positive potential of occupational therapy for the elderly is evident, there is a strong need for further studies in Germany. Therefore a methodological harmonization and a co-operation with occupational therapy research and occupational science emerging currently in Europe are recommended.
探讨对照试验能在多大程度上为以下假设提供证据，即职业治疗能改善或稳定老年人在进行日常活动时的能力、自主性或满意度。
通过对医学文献数据库进行电子检索，确定采用随机、半实验或交叉对照组设计且以“职业治疗”为主要研究对象的临床试验。分析标准源自CONSORT声明，并针对职业治疗进行了调整。这些标准涉及样本质量、干预、测量和数据分析。
所确定的31项研究（随机对照试验，n = 23；半实验性研究，n = 2；交叉试验，n = 6）主要在英国、美国和加拿大开展，德国未开展。这些研究在样本特征和规模、结果变量及治疗方法方面存在差异。它们证明了职业治疗对老年人具有显著疗效，但也存在一些方法学上的不足。
虽然在国际层面职业治疗对老年人的积极作用显而易见，但德国迫切需要开展更多研究。因此，建议在方法上进行统一，并与欧洲目前正在兴起的职业治疗研究和职业科学展开合作。
