Lefay D, Naciri M, Poirier P, Chermette R
Protocole, Les Algorithmes, 91194, Saint-Aubin, France.
Vet Parasitol. 2000 Mar 28;89(1-2):1-9. doi: 10.1016/s0304-4017(99)00230-7.
Two multicentre surveys were conducted in France to estimate the prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection in calves using qualitative ELISA for detection of Cryptosporidium coproantigens and oocysts. The first survey involved 4-12-day-old calves in six dairy-calf distribution centres, collecting calves from seven Administrative Regions (Aquitaine, Bretagne, Franche-Comté, Lorraine, Normandie, Nord, Pays de Loire). For each region, 20 calves were selected every month for 12 consecutive months (October 1995-September 1996). Prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection was 17.9% (Confidence Intervals (C.I.) 95%=[16.1%; 19.8%]) among the 1628 selected calves, of which only 5.3% had diarrhoea. The second survey conducted between November 1995 and May 1996 involved 4-21-day-old calves examined by veterinary practitioners who selected 189 livestock farms of dairy- or suckler-type in ten Administrative Departments (Allier, Cantal, Creuse, Doubs, Ille-et-Vilaine, Maine-et-Loire, Manche, Pas-de-Calais, Saône-et-Loire, Vendée). Cryptosporidia were detected in 105 (55.6%) of the farms. Among the 440 calves examined, of which 398 (90.5%) presented diarrhoea, cryptosporidia were found in 191 animals, i.e. a prevalence of 43.4% (C.I. 95%=[38. 8%; 48.0%]). Breed of calves and type of housing had very little impact on prevalence in this survey. Some regional variations could be noticed, even if cryptosporidia infection is widespread. Monthly variations could be related to seasonal peaks in calving with a lower infection rate during summer.
在法国进行了两项多中心调查，以使用定性酶联免疫吸附测定法检测隐孢子虫粪便抗原和卵囊，从而估计犊牛隐孢子虫感染的患病率。第一项调查涉及六个奶牛犊配送中心4至12日龄的犊牛，这些犊牛来自七个行政区（阿基坦、布列塔尼、弗朗什-孔泰、洛林、诺曼底、北部、卢瓦尔河地区）。对于每个地区，连续12个月（1995年10月至1996年9月）每月选取20头犊牛。在1628头选取的犊牛中，隐孢子虫感染患病率为17.9%（95%置信区间=[16.1%；19.8%]），其中只有5.3%出现腹泻。第二项调查于1995年11月至1996年5月进行，涉及由兽医检查的4至21日龄犊牛，这些兽医在十个行政区（阿列省、康塔尔省、科雷兹省、杜省、伊勒-维莱讷省、曼恩-卢瓦尔省、芒什省、加来海峡省、索恩-卢瓦尔省、旺代省）选取了189个奶牛或肉牛养殖场。在105个（55.6%）养殖场中检测到隐孢子虫。在检查的440头犊牛中，其中398头（90.5%）出现腹泻，在191头动物中发现隐孢子虫，即患病率为43.4%（95%置信区间=[38.8%；48.0%]）。在本次调查中，犊牛品种和饲养类型对患病率影响很小。即使隐孢子虫感染很普遍，仍可注意到一些地区差异。月度变化可能与产犊的季节性高峰有关，夏季感染率较低。
