Reyers B, van Jaarsveld A S, Krüger M
Conservation Planning Unit, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, South Africa.
Proc Biol Sci. 2000 Mar 7;267(1442):505-13. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2000.1029.
Richness, rarity, endemism and complementarity of indicator taxon species are often used to select conservation areas, which are then assumed to represent most regional biodiversity. Assessments of the degree to which these indicator conservation areas coincide across different taxa have been conducted on a variety of vertebrate, invertebrate and plant groups at a national scale in Britain, Canada, USA and South Africa and at a regional scale in Cameroon, Uganda and the USA. A low degree of spatial overlap among and within these selected indicator conservation areas has been demonstrated. These results tend to suggest that indicator conservation areas display little congruence across different taxa. However, some of these studies demonstrate that many conservation areas for indicator taxa capture a high proportion of non-target species. Thus it appears that indicator conservation areas might sample overall biodiversity efficiently. These indicator conservation areas may, however, exclude species essential for effective conservation, e.g. rare, endemic or endangered species. The present study investigated the value of indicator taxa as biodiversity surrogates using spatial congruence and representativeness of different indicator priority conservation areas. The conservation status of species excluded by the indicator approaches is also assessed. Indicator priority conservation areas demonstrate high land area requirements in order to fully represent non-target species. These results suggest that efficient priority area selection techniques must reach a compromise between maximizing non-target species gains and minimizing land-use requirements. Reserve selection procedures using indicator-based complementarity appear to be approaches which best satisfy this trade-off.
指示分类单元物种的丰富度、稀有性、特有性和互补性常被用于选择保护区，这些保护区随后被认为代表了大部分区域生物多样性。在英国、加拿大、美国和南非的国家尺度以及喀麦隆、乌干达和美国的区域尺度上，已经对不同分类群的这些指示性保护区的重合程度进行了评估，涉及各种脊椎动物、无脊椎动物和植物类群。这些选定的指示性保护区之间以及内部的空间重叠程度较低。这些结果往往表明，指示性保护区在不同分类群之间的一致性较低。然而，其中一些研究表明，许多指示分类单元的保护区捕获了很大比例的非目标物种。因此，指示性保护区似乎可能有效地对整体生物多样性进行采样。然而，这些指示性保护区可能会排除对有效保护至关重要的物种，例如稀有、特有或濒危物种。本研究利用不同指示性优先保护区的空间一致性和代表性，调查了指示分类单元作为生物多样性替代指标的价值。还评估了被指示方法排除的物种的保护状况。指示性优先保护区显示出需要大量土地面积才能充分代表非目标物种。这些结果表明，高效的优先区域选择技术必须在最大化非目标物种收益和最小化土地利用需求之间达成妥协。基于指示性互补性的保护区选择程序似乎是最能满足这种权衡的方法。
