Golub M S
California Regional Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, 95616 USA.
Environ Health Perspect. 2000 Apr;108(4):355-62. doi: 10.1289/ehp.00108355.
The effects of toxicants depend on the dose and the time in the life span when exposure occurs. The biology of adolescence is distinctive and provides opportunities for unique actions of toxicants both in terms of disruption of function and disruption of maturation. Maturation of a number of organ systems occurs during this period, including not only the reproductive system but also the respiratory, skeletal, immune, and central nervous systems. Adolescence is a time of increased risk for infectious disease and accidental injury, making the effects of toxicants on the immune and central nervous systems particularly harmful. Differences in blood volume, respiratory parameters, metabolic needs, and capacity all contribute to altered pharmacokinetics. Exposures can also change. Increased food intake associated with rapid adolescent growth alters exposure to food contaminants. Voluntary drug consumption increases, including drinking; smoking; substance abuse; and the use of over-the-counter, prescription, and performance-enhancing drugs. At the same time, adolescents are introduced to toxicants in the workplace. Basic research in the toxicology of adolescence needs to take into account the appropriateness of animal models for this distinctive human developmental stage; risk assessment must take into account pharmacokinetic and lifestyle factors. Screening methodologies that would identify toxic effects unique to adolescence would also be valuable.
毒物的影响取决于剂量以及接触发生时在生命周期中的时间。青春期的生物学特性独特，这为毒物产生独特作用提供了机会，无论是在功能破坏还是成熟过程破坏方面。在此期间，许多器官系统会成熟，不仅包括生殖系统，还包括呼吸系统、骨骼系统、免疫系统和中枢神经系统。青春期是传染病和意外伤害风险增加的时期，因此毒物对免疫系统和中枢神经系统的影响尤其有害。血容量、呼吸参数、代谢需求和能力的差异都会导致药代动力学改变。接触情况也会发生变化。与青少年快速生长相关的食物摄入量增加会改变对食物污染物的接触。自愿药物消费增加，包括饮酒、吸烟、药物滥用以及使用非处方药、处方药和提高成绩的药物。与此同时，青少年在工作场所会接触到毒物。青春期毒理学的基础研究需要考虑动物模型对于这个独特人类发育阶段的适用性；风险评估必须考虑药代动力学和生活方式因素。能够识别青春期特有毒性作用的筛查方法也将很有价值。
