Kyei-Aboagye K, Vragovic O, Chong D
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boston University School of Medicine, Massachusetts 02118, USA.
J Reprod Med. 2000 Mar;45(3):190-4.
To compare birth outcomes in incarcerated women with a recent history of drug use to those of nonincarcerated women in a methadone maintenance program.
We retrospectively analyzed pregnancy outcome in 149 women who delivered at full term between 1993 and 1996. Thirty-one patients incarcerated during pregnancy (group 1) were compared with 47 patients enrolled in our methadone maintenance program (group 2) and with a control group of 71 randomly chosen patients (group 3). Drug use, age, parity, number of visits, infant birth weight, low birth weight and Apgar scores were compared.
The methadone maintenance group had significantly fewer clinic visits. All the patients in groups 1 and 2 were cigarette smokers, whereas 12.5% of the control group smoked. Over 78% of incarcerated women admitted using drugs immediately prior to imprisonment as compared to 4.11% in group 3 and 100% in group 2 (P < .001). The three groups differed significantly with respect to infant birth weight (P < .001).
Cessation of drug use followed by adoption of a health-promoting lifestyle and adequate prenatal care of incarcerated women leads to an improvement in birth outcome. Furthermore, provision of prenatal care on site is a suitable alternative for the care of incarcerated pregnant women and eliminates the need to bring patients in chains to outside clinics.
比较近期有吸毒史的被监禁女性与参加美沙酮维持治疗项目的非被监禁女性的分娩结局。
我们回顾性分析了1993年至1996年间足月分娩的149名女性的妊娠结局。将孕期被监禁的31名患者（第1组）与参加我们美沙酮维持治疗项目的47名患者（第2组）以及71名随机选取的患者组成的对照组（第3组）进行比较。比较了吸毒情况、年龄、产次、就诊次数、婴儿出生体重、低出生体重和阿氏评分。
美沙酮维持治疗组的门诊就诊次数明显较少。第1组和第2组的所有患者均吸烟，而对照组中有12.5%的人吸烟。超过78%的被监禁女性承认在入狱前立即使用过毒品，相比之下，第3组为4.11%，第2组为100%（P <.001）。三组在婴儿出生体重方面存在显著差异（P <.001）。
停止吸毒，随后采用促进健康的生活方式并对被监禁女性进行充分的产前护理，可改善分娩结局。此外，在狱中提供产前护理是照顾被监禁孕妇的合适替代方案，无需将患者铐着带到外部诊所。
