Tuncer A M, Yalçin S S
Hacettepe University Institute of Child Health, Ankara, Turkey.
Turk J Pediatr. 1999;41 Suppl:27-34.
Multimedia will be regarded as essential tools for children to create their new world. The effects of television on young children's life have been well studied. Television differs, however, from other media, including the movies, in its pervasive impact on children. Children spend more time watching television than any other activity except sleeping. Overall 31% of children spent at least 4 hours a day watching television during weekday and 71.7% during weekend in Turkey. Television's influence on children is a function of the length of time they spend watching and the cumulative effect of what they see. Television may be a cause as well as a solution for many serious childhood problems. Excessive viewing of television has also been linked to aggressive behavior, violence, childhood obesity. On the other hand, television may act as a socializing agent and as a learning tool if the recommendations of American Academy of Pediatrics is learned by pediatricians, parents and broadcasters. The use of home personal computers in urban residence increased from 3.2% in 1993 to 6.5% by January 1998 in Turkey. Around 20% of computer households reported owing a modem. Internet has been using only for 5 years in Turkey. Nearly 40% of computer households also used CD-ROM equipment. The percentage of schools that have a computer laboratory is only 2.64%. On the other hand, multimedia allows students to move away from a uniform education for everyone to assert individual identity, liberalize education and management. It seems likely that, within the next few years, most of the countries with substantial internet infrastructure will use the internet as the major medium for disseminating information, including information on children. To prepare students for such a world demands that educational systems make the best possible use of all knowledge and technologies currently available.
多媒体将被视为儿童创造新世界的重要工具。电视对幼儿生活的影响已得到充分研究。然而，电视与包括电影在内的其他媒体不同，它对儿童具有普遍影响。儿童花在看电视上的时间比除睡觉之外的任何其他活动都要多。在土耳其，总体而言，31%的儿童在工作日每天至少花4小时看电视，71.7%的儿童在周末如此。电视对儿童的影响取决于他们观看的时长以及所看内容的累积效应。电视可能既是许多严重儿童问题的成因，也是解决之道。过度看电视还与攻击性行为、暴力、儿童肥胖有关。另一方面，如果儿科医生、家长和广播公司遵循美国儿科学会的建议，电视可以充当社交媒介和学习工具。在土耳其城市居民中，家用个人电脑的使用比例从1993年的3.2%增至1998年1月的6.5%。约20%的有电脑家庭报告拥有调制解调器。互联网在土耳其仅有5年的使用历史。近40%的有电脑家庭还使用光盘只读存储器设备。拥有计算机实验室的学校比例仅为2.64%。另一方面，多媒体使学生能够摆脱一刀切的教育模式，以彰显个性身份，实现教育和管理的自由化。在未来几年内，大多数拥有大量互联网基础设施的国家似乎都将把互联网作为传播信息（包括有关儿童的信息）的主要媒介。为使学生为这样一个世界做好准备，要求教育系统尽可能充分地利用当前所有可用的知识和技术。
