Samaan R A
University of Kentucky College of Medicine, USA.
J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2000 Feb;11(1):100-10. doi: 10.1353/hpu.2010.0557.
Sufficient evidence demonstrates that poverty has a negative effect on the psychological well-being of children, but most research has focused only on white populations. The purpose of this literature review is to gain a better understanding of the positive and negative influences of socioeconomic factors, cultural/ethnic characteristics, and racial differences on the mental health of children. A review of the literature on the influence of race, ethnicity, and poverty on the mental health of children found that (1) children whose parents are in poverty or who have experienced severe economic losses are more likely to report or be reported to have higher rates of depression, anxiety, and antisocial behaviors; and (2) after controlling for socioeconomic status, African Americans, Native Americans, and Hispanics are less likely to report or be reported to have such mental health problems. A theoretical construct for this protective effect is related to cultural factors, such as perceived social support, deep religiosity/spirituality, extended families, and maternal coping strategies as buffers against psychological distress.
充分的证据表明，贫困对儿童的心理健康有负面影响，但大多数研究仅关注白人人口。这篇文献综述的目的是更好地理解社会经济因素、文化/种族特征和种族差异对儿童心理健康的积极和消极影响。一项关于种族、族裔和贫困对儿童心理健康影响的文献综述发现：（1）父母处于贫困状态或经历过严重经济损失的儿童更有可能报告或被报告有较高的抑郁、焦虑和反社会行为发生率；（2）在控制了社会经济地位之后，非裔美国人、美洲原住民和西班牙裔报告或被报告有此类心理健康问题的可能性较小。这种保护作用的理论构建与文化因素有关，如感知到的社会支持、深厚的宗教信仰/精神信仰、大家庭以及母亲的应对策略作为抵御心理困扰的缓冲因素。
