Ram F S, Robinson S M, Black P N
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, St Lukes Hospital, Ground Floor, Extension Block, Little Horton Lane, Bradford, West Yorkshire, UK, BD5 0NA.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2000(2):CD001116. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001116.
Physical training programmes have been designed for asthmatic subjects with the aim of improving physical fitness, neuromuscular coordination and self-confidence. Habitual physical activity increases physical fitness and lowers ventilation during mild and moderate exercise thereby reducing the likelihood of provoking exercise -induced asthma. Exercise training may also reduce the perception of breathlessness through a number of mechanisms including strengthening respiratory muscles. Subjectively, many asthmatics report that they are symptomatically better when fit, but results from trials have varied and have been difficult to compare because of different designs and training protocols.
The purpose of this review was to assess evidence for the efficacy and effectiveness of physical training in asthma.
We searched the Cochrane Airways Group trials register, Sportdiscus and Science citation index.
Randomised trials in asthmatic subjects undertaking physical training. Subjects had to be 8 years and older. Physical training had to be undertaken for at least 20 to 30 minutes, 2 to 3 times a week, over a minimum of four weeks.
Eligibility for inclusion and quality of trials were assessed independently by two reviewers.
Eight studies could be included in this review. Physical training had no effect on resting lung function or the number of days of wheeze. Physical training improved cardiopulmonary fitness as measured by an increase in maximum oxygen uptake of 5.6 ml/kg/min (95% confidence interval 3. 9 to 7.2). There were no data concerning quality of life measurements.
REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: In people with asthma, physical training can improve cardiopulmonary fitness without changing lung function. It is not known whether improved fitness is translated into improved quality of life.
已为哮喘患者设计了体育训练计划，目的是提高身体素质、神经肌肉协调性和自信心。习惯性体育活动可增强身体素质，并在轻度和中度运动时降低通气量，从而减少诱发运动性哮喘的可能性。运动训练还可能通过多种机制（包括增强呼吸肌）减轻呼吸困难的感觉。主观上，许多哮喘患者报告称，身体状况良好时症状会有所改善，但由于设计和训练方案不同，试验结果各异且难以比较。
本综述的目的是评估体育训练对哮喘疗效和有效性的证据。
我们检索了Cochrane Airways Group试验注册库、Sportdiscus和科学引文索引。
对进行体育训练的哮喘患者进行的随机试验。受试者年龄须在8岁及以上。体育训练必须每周进行2至3次，每次至少20至30分钟，持续至少四周。
两名评审员独立评估纳入资格和试验质量。
本综述可纳入八项研究。体育训练对静息肺功能或喘息天数无影响。通过最大摄氧量增加5.6 ml/kg/min（95%置信区间3.9至7.2）来衡量，体育训练改善了心肺功能。没有关于生活质量测量的数据。
对于哮喘患者，体育训练可改善心肺功能而不改变肺功能。尚不清楚心肺功能的改善是否能转化为生活质量的提高。
