Hammer M F, Redd A J, Wood E T, Bonner M R, Jarjanazi H, Karafet T, Santachiara-Benerecetti S, Oppenheim A, Jobling M A, Jenkins T, Ostrer H, Bonne-Tamir B
Laboratory of Molecular Systematics and Evolution, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Jun 6;97(12):6769-74. doi: 10.1073/pnas.100115997.
Haplotypes constructed from Y-chromosome markers were used to trace the paternal origins of the Jewish Diaspora. A set of 18 biallelic polymorphisms was genotyped in 1,371 males from 29 populations, including 7 Jewish (Ashkenazi, Roman, North African, Kurdish, Near Eastern, Yemenite, and Ethiopian) and 16 non-Jewish groups from similar geographic locations. The Jewish populations were characterized by a diverse set of 13 haplotypes that were also present in non-Jewish populations from Africa, Asia, and Europe. A series of analyses was performed to address whether modern Jewish Y-chromosome diversity derives mainly from a common Middle Eastern source population or from admixture with neighboring non-Jewish populations during and after the Diaspora. Despite their long-term residence in different countries and isolation from one another, most Jewish populations were not significantly different from one another at the genetic level. Admixture estimates suggested low levels of European Y-chromosome gene flow into Ashkenazi and Roman Jewish communities. A multidimensional scaling plot placed six of the seven Jewish populations in a relatively tight cluster that was interspersed with Middle Eastern non-Jewish populations, including Palestinians and Syrians. Pairwise differentiation tests further indicated that these Jewish and Middle Eastern non-Jewish populations were not statistically different. The results support the hypothesis that the paternal gene pools of Jewish communities from Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East descended from a common Middle Eastern ancestral population, and suggest that most Jewish communities have remained relatively isolated from neighboring non-Jewish communities during and after the Diaspora.
由Y染色体标记构建的单倍型被用于追溯犹太散居群体的父系起源。对来自29个群体的1371名男性进行了一组18个双等位基因多态性的基因分型，其中包括7个犹太群体（德系犹太人、罗马犹太人、北非犹太人、库尔德犹太人、近东犹太人、也门犹太人以及埃塞俄比亚犹太人）和来自类似地理位置的16个非犹太群体。犹太群体的特征是拥有一组多样的13种单倍型，这些单倍型也存在于来自非洲、亚洲和欧洲的非犹太群体中。进行了一系列分析，以探讨现代犹太Y染色体多样性主要是源于一个共同的中东源群体，还是源于散居期间及之后与邻近非犹太群体的混合。尽管他们长期居住在不同国家且相互隔离，但大多数犹太群体在基因水平上彼此之间没有显著差异。混合估计表明，欧洲Y染色体基因流入德系犹太人和罗马犹太人群体的水平较低。多维标度图将七个犹太群体中的六个置于一个相对紧密的聚类中，该聚类与中东非犹太群体（包括巴勒斯坦人和叙利亚人）相互交织。成对差异测试进一步表明，这些犹太群体和中东非犹太群体在统计学上没有差异。结果支持这样的假设，即来自欧洲、北非和中东的犹太群体的父系基因库源自一个共同的中东祖先群体，并表明大多数犹太群体在散居期间及之后与邻近的非犹太群体保持了相对隔离。
