Pływaczewski R, Bednarek M, Górecka D, Puścińska E, Nowiński A, Zieliński J
Kliniki Chorób Płuc, Instytutu Gruźlicy i Chorób Płuc w Warszawie.
Pneumonol Alergol Pol. 1999;67(9-10):416-21.
COPD is the fourth leading cause of death in Poland, unfortunately diagnosed not early enough. The aim of the study was to establish prevalence of COPD in chronic smokers. Therefore, using daily press and TV, smokers with at least 10 year history of smoking, over 40 years of age, were invited for a free spirometry. 263 subjects (177 M and 86 F) mean age 54 +/- 0.6 years were examined. Most of them (97.7%) were smokers with a history of 32.2 +/- 0.9 pack-years, 6 persons (2.3%) were passive smokers. 110 persons (41.8%) presented bronchial obstruction, the remaining (58.2%) had normal spirometric values. Following recommendations of the Polish Society of Physio-pneumonology bronchial obstruction was classified as mild in 25.1%,- moderate in 12.1% and severe in 4.6% subjects. Majority of examined subjects presented with COPD symptoms, cough (62.7%), expectoration (68.8%) and dyspnoea (50.2%). The presence of those symptoms did not differ among groups with different severity of bronchial obstruction. However, there were significant differences in age (p < 0.05) and years of smoking habit (p < 0.01). The great efficacy of targeted screening for COPD (40%) should be an incentive to perform routine spirometric examination in smokers with more than 20 years of smoking history.
慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）是波兰第四大死因，遗憾的是其诊断不够及时。本研究的目的是确定慢性吸烟者中COPD的患病率。因此，通过每日的报纸和电视，邀请了吸烟史至少10年、年龄超过40岁的吸烟者进行免费肺活量测定。共检查了263名受试者（177名男性和86名女性），平均年龄为54±0.6岁。其中大多数人（97.7%）是吸烟者，吸烟史为32.2±0.9包年，6人（2.3%）为被动吸烟者。110人（41.8%）出现支气管阻塞，其余（58.2%）肺活量测定值正常。根据波兰物理肺病学会的建议，25.1%的受试者支气管阻塞被分类为轻度，12.1%为中度，4.6%为重度。大多数受检者有COPD症状，咳嗽（62.7%）、咳痰（68.8%）和呼吸困难（50.2%）。在支气管阻塞不同严重程度的组中，这些症状的出现情况没有差异。然而，在年龄（p<0.05）和吸烟习惯年限（p<0.01）方面存在显著差异。针对COPD的靶向筛查的高功效（40%）应促使对吸烟史超过20年的吸烟者进行常规肺活量测定检查。
