[淋巴细胞。在细胞免疫和体液免疫中的作用]

Golovtchenko A M, Raichvarg D

Ann Biol Clin (Paris). 1975;33(2):63-74.

The lymphocytes are now considered as ubiquitous cells which play a role in delayed hypersensitivity, the rejection of grafts and antibody synthesis. The lymphocytes are essential in the immune process, for they may both recognise the antibody and initiate the response. They act either by themselves or after differentiation into specialised cells and, usually, in coordination with other cells with phagocytic functions. After briefly recalling the morphology, localisation, circulation, sites of production and heterogeneity of the lymphocytes, the authors discuss their function, describe lymphocytic transformation, and the role of T lymphocytes in delayed hypersensitivity, in the rejection of grafts and the direct cytotoxic effect. Antibody synthesis with B lymphocytes and the intervention of mononucleated cells with phagocytic activity, the cooperation of T lymphocytes are developed. The exploration of lymphocytic functions includes the recognition of an antigen by the lymphocyte, fixation of marked antigens, rosette formation, the demonstration of delayed hypersensitivity (inhibition of macrophage migration, cytotoxicity, skin tests), the estimation of antibodies and measurement of lymphocyte transformation. Certain factors, due to antigen-host reaction, regulate the lymphocytic immune reaction. One may experimentally intervene by immunostimulation and immunosuppression.

淋巴细胞现在被认为是普遍存在的细胞，在迟发型超敏反应、移植排斥反应和抗体合成中发挥作用。淋巴细胞在免疫过程中至关重要，因为它们既能识别抗体又能启动反应。它们可以单独行动，也可以在分化为特化细胞后行动，并且通常与其他具有吞噬功能的细胞协同作用。在简要回顾淋巴细胞的形态、定位、循环、产生部位和异质性之后，作者讨论了它们的功能，描述了淋巴细胞转化以及T淋巴细胞在迟发型超敏反应、移植排斥反应和直接细胞毒性作用中的作用。阐述了B淋巴细胞的抗体合成以及具有吞噬活性的单核细胞的干预、T淋巴细胞的协作。对淋巴细胞功能的探索包括淋巴细胞对抗原的识别、标记抗原的固定、玫瑰花结形成、迟发型超敏反应的证明（巨噬细胞迁移抑制、细胞毒性、皮肤试验）、抗体的评估和淋巴细胞转化的测量。某些由于抗原 - 宿主反应产生的因素调节淋巴细胞免疫反应。可以通过免疫刺激和免疫抑制进行实验干预。