Ranganathan K, Reddy B V, Kumarasamy N, Solomon S, Viswanathan R, Johnson N W
Department of Oral Pathology, Ragas Dental College and Hospital, 116, Dr. Radhakrishnan salai, Mylapore, 600 004, Chennai, India.
Oral Dis. 2000 May;6(3):152-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2000.tb00326.x.
Human immunodeficiency virus infection/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is a major health problem in India. The National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO) of India reports a seropositivity of 25.03 per thousand for the whole country, as of October 1999. In spite of this high prevalence there are very few reports of oral lesions and conditions in Indian HIV/AIDS patients, which are important in early diagnosis and management of these patients.
The present report describes the oral lesions in 300 HIV positive symptomatic patients presenting to us at RAGAS-YRG CARE, a non-governmental organisation in Chennai, South India, over a period of 9 months in 1998.
Lesions were diagnosed on clinical appearance using international criteria.
Of the 300 patients 89% had acquired the infection through heterosexual contact. There were 205 males and 95 females, aged from 7 months to 72 years. Forty-seven percent of the patients were in the age group 21-30 years. CD4 counts were ascertained for 105 patients, 64 (62%) had CD4 counts < or = 200. A total of 217 (72%) of the 300 patients had some oral lesion when examined. Gingivitis (47%) and pseudomembranous candidiasis (33%) were the most common oral lesions. The other oral lesions seen were oral mucosal pigmentation (23%), erythematous candidiasis (14%), periodontitis (9%), angular cheilitis (8%), oral ulcers (3%), oral hairy leukoplakia (3%), hyperplastic candidiasis (1%), oral submucous fibrosis (2%) and one case of leukoplakia.
Oral lesions occur commonly in HIV infection. A comprehensive oral examination may not only suggest HIV disease but may also be useful in monitoring the disease progression. This is a cost-effective procedure, which may be useful in screening large populations in developing countries like India.
人类免疫缺陷病毒感染/获得性免疫缺陷综合征（HIV/AIDS）是印度的一个主要健康问题。据印度国家艾滋病控制组织（NACO）报告，截至1999年10月，全国每千人的血清阳性率为25.03。尽管患病率很高，但关于印度HIV/AIDS患者口腔病变和病症的报告却很少，而这些病变和病症对这些患者的早期诊断和管理很重要。
本报告描述了1998年9个月期间在印度南部钦奈的一个非政府组织RAGAS-YRG CARE就诊的300例有症状的HIV阳性患者的口腔病变情况。
根据临床表现，采用国际标准对病变进行诊断。
在这300例患者中，89%是通过异性接触感染的。患者中有205名男性和95名女性，年龄从7个月到72岁不等。47%的患者年龄在21至30岁之间。对105例患者进行了CD4细胞计数，其中64例（62%）的CD4细胞计数≤200。在检查的300例患者中，共有217例（72%）有某种口腔病变。牙龈炎（47%）和假膜性念珠菌病（33%）是最常见的口腔病变。其他可见的口腔病变有口腔黏膜色素沉着（23%）、红斑性念珠菌病（14%）、牙周炎（9%）、口角炎（8%）、口腔溃疡（3%）、口腔毛状白斑（3%）、增生性念珠菌病（1%）、口腔黏膜下纤维化（2%）和1例白斑。
口腔病变在HIV感染中很常见。全面的口腔检查不仅可能提示HIV疾病，而且可能有助于监测疾病进展。这是一种具有成本效益的程序，可能有助于在印度等发展中国家对大量人群进行筛查。
