Widerszal-Bazyl M, Cieślak R
Department of Ergonomics, Central Institute for Labour Protection, Warsaw, Poland.
Int J Occup Saf Ergon. 2000;Spec No:59-70. doi: 10.1080/10803548.2000.11105108.
Many studies on the impact of psychosocial working conditions on health prove that psychosocial stress at work is an important risk factor endangering workers' health. Thus it should be constantly monitored like other work hazards. The paper presents a newly developed instrument for stress monitoring called the Psychosocial Working Conditions Questionnaire (PWC). Its structure is based on Robert Karasek's model of job stress (Karasek, 1979; Karasek & Theorell, 1990). It consists of 3 main scales Job Demands, Job Control, Social Support and 2 additional scales adapted from the Occupational Stress Questionnaire (Elo, Leppanen, Lindstrom, & Ropponen, 1992), Well-Being and Desired Changes. The study of 8 occupational groups (bank and insurance specialists, middle medical personnel, construction workers, shop assistants, government and self-government administration officers, computer scientists, public transport drivers, teachers, N = 3,669) indicates that PWC has satisfactory psychometrics parameters. Norms for the 8 groups were developed.
许多关于社会心理工作条件对健康影响的研究证明，工作中的社会心理压力是危害工人健康的一个重要风险因素。因此，应像监测其他工作危害一样对其进行持续监测。本文介绍了一种新开发的压力监测工具，即社会心理工作条件问卷（PWC）。其结构基于罗伯特·卡拉克的工作压力模型（卡拉克，1979年；卡拉克和西奥雷尔，1990年）。它由3个主要量表（工作要求、工作控制、社会支持）和另外2个从职业压力问卷改编而来的量表（幸福感和期望变化）组成。对8个职业群体（银行和保险专家、中级医务人员、建筑工人、店员、政府和自治行政官员、计算机科学家、公共交通司机、教师，N = 3669）的研究表明，PWC具有令人满意的心理测量学参数。并制定了这8个群体的常模。
