Norton C J
P.O Box 483, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA.
J Hum Evol. 2000 Jun;38(6):803-25. doi: 10.1006/jhev.1999.0390.
The hominid fossil and Paleolithic archaeology records from the Korean Peninsula are extensive, but relatively little is known about the Korean human evolutionary record outside this region. The Korean paleoanthropological record is reviewed here in light of major research issues, including the hominid fossil record, relative and chronometric dating, lithic analysis, hominid subsistence, and the presence of bone tools, art and symbolism. Some of the major conclusions drawn from this review include: (1) hominid fossils have been found in nine separate sites on the Korean Peninsula; (2) possible Homo erectus fossils are present in North Korea; (3) Ryonggok Cave, in North Korea, has exposed the remains of at least five archaic Homo sapiens individuals; (4) a possible burial of an anatomically modern Homo sapiens child, discovered in Hungsu Cave in South Korea, has been tentatively dated to roughly 40,000 years ago; (5) handaxes and cleavers have been found at a number of sites near Chongokni and they appear to date to at least 100,000 years ago; and (6) taphonomic studies are necessary for addressing issues related to determining the nature of hominid-carnivore interaction over similar resources (e.g. carcasses and shelter); and the presence/absence of Early Paleolithic bone tools, art, and symbolism in Korea.
朝鲜半岛的人类化石和旧石器时代考古记录丰富，但该地区以外的朝鲜人类进化记录却知之甚少。本文根据主要研究问题，对朝鲜古人类学记录进行了综述，这些问题包括人类化石记录、相对年代测定和计时年代测定、石器分析、人类生存方式以及骨器、艺术和象征符号的存在情况。本次综述得出的一些主要结论包括：（1）在朝鲜半岛的九个不同地点发现了人类化石；（2）朝鲜存在可能的直立人化石；（3）朝鲜的龙谷洞出土了至少五具早期智人的遗骸；（4）在韩国兴苏洞发现的一具解剖学意义上的现代智人儿童的可能墓葬，初步测定年代约为4万年前；（5）在Chongokni附近的多个地点发现了手斧和砍斫器，它们的年代似乎至少可追溯到10万年前；（6）为解决与确定人类与食肉动物在类似资源（如尸体和栖息地）上的相互作用性质相关的问题，以及朝鲜是否存在旧石器时代早期的骨器、艺术和象征符号，有必要进行埋藏学研究。
