Coyle J, Williams B
Department of Management and Social Sciences, Queen Margaret University College, Edinburgh, Scotland.
J Adv Nurs. 2000 May;31(5):1235-43. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2648.2000.01381.x.
Nurse researchers are increasingly combining qualitative and quantitative methods in order to understand more fully the world of research subjects. Qualitative data are often used to explore the subjective meanings behind survey responses and to develop quantitative measures and scales. Insights from qualitative data help researchers to design instruments which are more sensitive to respondents' meanings and interpretations. The aim of this paper is to highlight the epistemological and methodological complexities involved in this enterprise through drawing on our own experience of developing an instrument to examine person-centredness in health care from a qualitative study of dissatisfaction. The intricacies of this project relate to: epistemological continuity and inconsistency; research roles; reflexivity; confirmation; and completeness. Through discussing the literature around integrating methods, we suggest that researchers could be assisted in their attempts to develop conceptually sound quantitative measures by extending the concept of reflexivity (used in qualitative research) to the quantitative components of mixed method studies. This would aid conceptual clarity by making explicit the social, cultural, and political construction of knowledge, and would also encourage researchers to reflect upon the ethical and political consequences of their research.
护士研究人员越来越多地将定性和定量方法结合起来，以便更全面地了解研究对象的世界。定性数据常被用于探究调查回答背后的主观意义，并开发定量测量方法和量表。定性数据的见解有助于研究人员设计出对受访者的意义和解释更敏感的工具。本文的目的是通过借鉴我们自己开发一种工具的经验，突出这一过程中涉及的认识论和方法论复杂性，该工具是从对不满情绪的定性研究中考察医疗保健中的以人为本。这个项目的复杂性涉及：认识论的连续性和不一致性；研究角色；反思性；确证；以及完整性。通过讨论关于整合方法的文献，我们建议，通过将反思性（定性研究中使用的）概念扩展到混合方法研究的定量部分，研究人员在开发概念上合理的定量测量方法的尝试中可以得到帮助。这将通过明确知识的社会、文化和政治建构来帮助概念清晰，也将鼓励研究人员反思其研究的伦理和政治后果。
